中国古代四大发明的英文作文

⑴ 一篇有关中国古代四大发明的英语作文，别太长，配上中文翻译，绝对好评，别出现语法错误哦！！！

The four great inventions
Paper: paper is an important chemical processes, the invention of paper is Chinese in the spread of human culture and development make a valuable contribution, is China's chemical history of a major achievement.
The paper also before, oracle bones, bamboo slips and silk silk is used for writing, the ancient recorded material. But e to the rapid development of the economy, culture, bones and bamboo can not meet the demand of development, thus contributing to the improvement of writing tools. At that time people began using small silk made of paper, as the ancient Chinese when paper by hemp thread and silk, and preparation method of rough paper, so the quality is not so good. But the hemp thread and silk has its own role, to use them as a raw material for paper-making, would be greatly restricted, and difficult to get rapid development, to meet the cultural life of the requirement to paper.
In the new situation request, Cai Lun of Eastern Han Dynasty for the emergence of papermaking to bring new breakthrough in the Eastern Han Dynasty," views on" 2 records:" Cai Lun, talented, dedicated to cautious, every vacation, closed to the guest, aeration body field. Code for the sale, made with bark and spacious cloth, net to make paper. Xing Yuan first year playing, the emperor can, since is not used, the salty called Cai Hou paper". From above, Cai Lun is using bark, rags, net of papermaking. Although before Cai Lun also has a paper, but raw material itself is very limited, and Cai Lun on the new raw materials, to solve this problem. Because the rag, broken fishnet had already finished their task, a waste and used as a raw material for papermaking instry, which plays an important role.
Printing: is the working people in ancient China through long-term practice and research before the invention of. About the year before and after 600 years of Sui Dynasty, people from the engraved seal inspired, in the history of mankind's earliest invention of woodblock printing.
Woodblock printing is in a certain thickness of the smooth wood, paste neat manuscript, thin and almost transparent paper front and wood paste, the word became the body, strokes clear. Engraving workers graver in the suites have writing section is cut away, is a convex embossed font, and font recessed beneath the different steles. When printing, on a raised fonts with ink, and then the paper covering on top of it, gently wipe away the paper back, writing remain on the paper. By the Song Dynasty, woodblock printing career development to the heyday. Woodblock printing on the spread of culture play an important role, but also has obvious disadvantages. The first version, time-consuming material costs, second, a large number of books stored inconveniently, third, is not easy to correct mistakes.
The Northern Song Dynasty civilian inventor Bi Sheng invented movable-type printing, woodblock printing these drawbacks improvement. Bi Sheng's Dynasty of an ordinary civilian intellectuals, the person who. He summed up the block printing of rich experience in practice, after repeated tests, the emperor Renzong of evolution years (AD 10411048 ) made the moveable, execute typesetting printing, completed the printing history of a major revolution, about 200 years later, this technology spread to other countries, the development of world civilization process to promote the role of.
Gunpowder: is one of the four great inventions of china. Gunpowder, as the name suggests is the ( fire medicine ). Its origins and alchemy are closely related, Bachelor in ancient alchemy alchemy inadvertently material.
It is a mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, carbon, and the top two in the Han Dynasty book into Chinese Materia Medica ( first classics of Shennong materia medica by ) have been listed as important medicinal herbs. Gunpowder itself is also come under the drug class, the Ming Dynasty Li Shizhen ( compendium of Materia Medica ) said, gunpowder can cure sore ringworm, insecticidal, provide moisture and plague. The invention of gunpowder is a long-term alchemy pharmaceutical practice results, has been one thousand years of history.
The Tang Dynasty, gunpowder has been used for military. The Song Dynasty, the war continuously, promote the accelerated development of gunpowder weapons. The government of the Northern Song Dynasty established a powder mill, has made gunpowder arrow, artillery and other combustion properties mainly weapons and ( bang cannon ), ( lightning bombs ) and other explosive strong arms. The Southern Song Dynasty were created in 1259 to giant bamboo tube, built-in gunpowder ( sudden guns ). To the Yuan Dynasty and the emergence of bronze ( copper Fire Commission, known as the general). These are to gunpowder explosion as the driving force of arms, in the war revealed a hitherto unknown power.
In 12, thirteenth Century, the gunpowder first introced in Arabia state, and then spread to Greece and Europe and around the world. On the civilization and progress of human society, the economy and the development of science and culture, played a role in promoting. The law until the middle of the fourteenth Century, only then has the application of gunpowder and firearms records.
Compass : the spring and Autumn period, Chinese working people in the mining, smelting, graally recognized magnet. To the Warring States period, some people use magnets made apparatus to determine the direction, then called" compass", it is in a along the plate placed on a water scoop like magnet, water scoop handle end of South point. To the late Northern Song Dynasty ( Eleventh Century AD), the Chinese people have created artificial magnet, then created a" guide to the fish", the magnet." Fish" on the water surface, thus indicating the direction. Later, after repeated research and improvement, and the magnetic steel sheet into a small magnetic needle, and makes its tip into the magnetic north pole, end become the south magnetic pole, which became a compass. The Northern Song Dynasty, people create a suitable nautical compass, the maritime instry to a new era. During this period, China 's shipbuilding technology in the world the most advanced. At the beginning of the fourteenth Century, the compass was introced into Europe from china.

四大发明
造纸术:造纸是一项重要的化学工艺，纸的发明是中国在人类文化的传播和发展上所做出的一项十分宝贵的贡献，是中国化学史上的一项重大的成就。
在纸还未发明之前，甲骨、竹简和绢帛是古代用来供书写、记载的材料。但由于西汉的经济、文化迅速发展，甲骨和竹简不能满足发展的需求，从而促使了书写工具的改进。当时人们已开始应用小块的丝绵制成的纸，由于古汉时的纸张是由麻缕和丝绵，加上制法粗糙，所以纸张的质量不太好。而麻缕和丝绵都有其本身的作用，如要把它们用作造纸的原料，就必然会受到很大的限制，而难以得到迅速的发展，来满足文化生活上对纸张的要求。
在新的客观形势要求下，东汉蔡伦的出现为造纸术带来新突破，在《东汉观记》卷二上记载：“蔡伦，有才学，尽忠重慎，每次休沐，闭门以绝宾客，曝体田野。典作尚方，造意用树皮及敝布、鱼网作纸。元兴元年奏上，帝善其能，自是莫不用，天下咸称蔡侯纸”。从以上看来，蔡伦是用树皮、破布、鱼网造纸的。虽然在蔡伦之前也有纸的存在，但是原料本身就有很大的局限，而蔡伦对新原料的发现，解决了这个问题。因为破布、破鱼网早已结束了它们本身的任务，成了废物而又用作做原料，对造纸工业起了极大的推动作用。
印刷术:是我国古代劳动人民经过长期实践和研究才发明的。 大约在公元600年前后的隋朝，人们从刻印章中得到启发，在人类历史上最早发明了雕版印刷术。
雕版印刷是在一定厚度的平滑的木板上，粘贴上抄写工整的书稿，薄而近乎透明的稿纸正面和木板相贴，字就成了反体，笔划清晰可辨。雕刻工人用刻刀把版面没有字迹的部分削去，就成了字体凸出的阳文，和字体凹入的碑石阴文截然不同。印刷的时候，在凸起的字体上涂上墨汁，然后把纸覆在它的上面，轻轻拂拭纸背，字迹就留在纸上了。到了宋朝，雕版印刷事业发展到全盛时期。雕版印刷对文化的传播起了重大作用，但是也存在明显缺点。第一，刻版费时费工费料，第二，大批书版存放不便，第三，有错字不容易更正。
北宋平民发明家毕升发明了活字印刷术，改进雕版印刷这些缺点。毕升是北宋中期的一个普通平民知识分子，当时人称布衣。他总结了历代雕版印刷的丰富的实践经验，经过反复试验，在宋仁宗庆历年间（公元1041－1048）制成了胶泥活字，实行排版印刷，完成了印刷史上一项重大的革命，大约200年后，这一技术传到其他国家，对世界文明的发展进程起到推动作用。
火药:是中国四大发明之一。火药,顾名思义就是(着火的药)。它的起源与炼丹术有着密切的关系,是古代炼丹士在炼丹时无意中配制出来。
它是硫黄,硝石,炭的混合物,而前两项在汉代成书的中国第一部药物学典籍(神农本草经)里都被列为重要的药材。就是火药本身也被归入药类,明代李时珍的(本草纲目)中说,火药能治疮癣,杀虫,辟湿气和瘟疫。火药的发明是人们长期炼丹制药实践结果,至今已有一千多年历史。
唐朝末年,火药已被用于军事。到了宋代,战争接连不断,促进火药武器的加速发展。北宋政府建立了火药作坊,先后制造了火药箭,火炮等以燃烧性能为主的武器和(霹雳炮),(震天雷)等爆炸性较强的武器。南宋在1259年造出了以巨竹为筒,内装火药的(突火枪)。到了元代又出现铜铸火统,称为(铜将军)。这些都是以火药的爆炸为推动力的武器,在战争中显示了前所未有威力。
在12、13世纪,火药首先传入阿拉伯国家,然后传到希腊和欧洲乃至世界各地。对人类社会的文明进步,对经济和科学文化的发展,起了推动作用。美法各国直到十四世纪中叶,才有应用火药和火器的记载。
指南针:春秋时期，中国劳动人民就在采矿、冶炼中，逐渐认识了磁石。到战国时期，就有人用磁石做成器具来判定方向，当时叫“司南”，它是在一个无沿的方盘上放置一只水勺似的磁石，水勺的柄端向南指。到北宋后期（公元11世纪），中国人民创造了人工磁铁，此后又创制了“指南鱼”，把用磁钢片制成的“鱼”放在水面上，以此指示方向。后来经过反复研究改进，又把磁钢片改成细小的磁钢针，并使它的尖端成磁北极，末端成为磁南极，这就成了指南针。北宋时期，人们创造了适用于航海的指南针，把航海事业推向了新的时代。这一时期，中国的造船技术在世界上也最为先进。到了14世纪初，指南针才由中国传到欧洲。

⑵ 用英语写一篇文章关于哪一个是中国古代四大发明中最重要的

The four great inventions
Paper: paper is an important chemical processes, the invention of paper is Chinese in the spread of human culture and development make a valuable contribution, is China's chemical history of a major achievement.
The paper also before, oracle bones, bamboo slips and silk silk is used for writing, the ancient recorded material. But e to the rapid development of the economy, culture, bones and bamboo can not meet the demand of development, thus contributing to the improvement of writing tools. At that time people began using small silk made of paper, as the ancient Chinese when paper by hemp thread and silk, and preparation method of rough paper, so the quality is not so good. But the hemp thread and silk has its own role, to use them as a raw material for paper-making, would be greatly restricted, and difficult to get rapid development, to meet the cultural life of the requirement to paper.
In the new situation request, Cai Lun of Eastern Han Dynasty for the emergence of papermaking to bring new breakthrough in the Eastern Han Dynasty," views on" 2 records:" Cai Lun, talented, dedicated to cautious, every vacation, closed to the guest, aeration body field. Code for the sale, made with bark and spacious cloth, net to make paper. Xing Yuan first year playing, the emperor can, since is not used, the salty called Cai Hou paper". From above, Cai Lun is using bark, rags, net of papermaking. Although before Cai Lun also has a paper, but raw material itself is very limited, and Cai Lun on the new raw materials, to solve this problem. Because the rag, broken fishnet had already finished their task, a waste and used as a raw material for papermaking instry, which plays an important role.
Printing: is the working people in ancient China through long-term practice and research before the invention of. About the year before and after 600 years of Sui Dynasty, people from the engraved seal inspired, in the history of mankind's earliest invention of woodblock printing.
Woodblock printing is in a certain thickness of the smooth wood, paste neat manuscript, thin and almost transparent paper front and wood paste, the word became the body, strokes clear. Engraving workers graver in the suites have writing section is cut away, is a convex embossed font, and font recessed beneath the different steles. When printing, on a raised fonts with ink, and then the paper covering on top of it, gently wipe away the paper back, writing remain on the paper. By the Song Dynasty, woodblock printing career development to the heyday. Woodblock printing on the spread of culture play an important role, but also has obvious disadvantages. The first version, time-consuming material costs, second, a large number of books stored inconveniently, third, is not easy to correct mistakes.
The Northern Song Dynasty civilian inventor Bi Sheng invented movable-type printing, woodblock printing these drawbacks improvement. Bi Sheng's Dynasty of an ordinary civilian intellectuals, the person who. He summed up the block printing of rich experience in practice, after repeated tests, the emperor Renzong of evolution years (AD 10411048 ) made the moveable, execute typesetting printing, completed the printing history of a major revolution, about 200 years later, this technology spread to other countries, the development of world civilization process to promote the role of.
Gunpowder: is one of the four great inventions of china. Gunpowder, as the name suggests is the ( fire medicine ). Its origins and alchemy are closely related, Bachelor in ancient alchemy alchemy inadvertently material.
It is a mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, carbon, and the top two in the Han Dynasty book into Chinese Materia Medica ( first classics of Shennong materia medica by ) have been listed as important medicinal herbs. Gunpowder itself is also come under the drug class, the Ming Dynasty Li Shizhen ( compendium of Materia Medica ) said, gunpowder can cure sore ringworm, insecticidal, provide moisture and plague. The invention of gunpowder is a long-term alchemy pharmaceutical practice results, has been one thousand years of history.
The Tang Dynasty, gunpowder has been used for military. The Song Dynasty, the war continuously, promote the accelerated development of gunpowder weapons. The government of the Northern Song Dynasty established a powder mill, has made gunpowder arrow, artillery and other combustion properties mainly weapons and ( bang cannon ), ( lightning bombs ) and other explosive strong arms. The Southern Song Dynasty were created in 1259 to giant bamboo tube, built-in gunpowder ( sudden guns ). To the Yuan Dynasty and the emergence of bronze ( copper Fire Commission, known as the general). These are to gunpowder explosion as the driving force of arms, in the war revealed a hitherto unknown power.
In 12, thirteenth Century, the gunpowder first introced in Arabia state, and then spread to Greece and Europe and around the world. On the civilization and progress of human society, the economy and the development of science and culture, played a role in promoting. The law until the middle of the fourteenth Century, only then has the application of gunpowder and firearms records.
Compass : the spring and Autumn period, Chinese working people in the mining, smelting, graally recognized magnet. To the Warring States period, some people use magnets made apparatus to determine the direction, then called" compass", it is in a along the plate placed on a water scoop like magnet, water scoop handle end of South point. To the late Northern Song Dynasty ( Eleventh Century AD), the Chinese people have created artificial magnet, then created a" guide to the fish", the magnet." Fish" on the water surface, thus indicating the direction. Later, after repeated research and improvement, and the magnetic steel sheet into a small magnetic needle, and makes its tip into the magnetic north pole, end become the south magnetic pole, which became a compass. The Northern Song Dynasty, people create a suitable nautical compass, the maritime instry to a new era. During this period, China 's shipbuilding technology in the world the most advanced. At the beginning of the fourteenth Century, the compass was introced into Europe from china.
四大发明
造纸术:造纸是一项重要的化学工艺,纸的发明是中国在人类文化的传播和发展上所做出的一项十分宝贵的贡献,是中国化学史上的一项重大的成就.
在纸还未发明之前,甲骨、竹简和绢帛是古代用来供书写、记载的材料.但由于西汉的经济、文化迅速发展,甲骨和竹简不能满足发展的需求,从而促使了书写工具的改进.当时人们已开始应用小块的丝绵制成的纸,由于古汉时的纸张是由麻缕和丝绵,加上制法粗糙,所以纸张的质量不太好.而麻缕和丝绵都有其本身的作用,如要把它们用作造纸的原料,就必然会受到很大的限制,而难以得到迅速的发展,来满足文化生活上对纸张的要求.
在新的客观形势要求下,东汉蔡伦的出现为造纸术带来新突破,在《东汉观记》卷二上记载：“蔡伦,有才学,尽忠重慎,每次休沐,闭门以绝宾客,曝体田野.典作尚方,造意用树皮及敝布、鱼网作纸.元兴元年奏上,帝善其能,自是莫不用,天下咸称蔡侯纸”.从以上看来,蔡伦是用树皮、破布、鱼网造纸的.虽然在蔡伦之前也有纸的存在,但是原料本身就有很大的局限,而蔡伦对新原料的发现,解决了这个问题.因为破布、破鱼网早已结束了它们本身的任务,成了废物而又用作做原料,对造纸工业起了极大的推动作用.
印刷术:是我国古代劳动人民经过长期实践和研究才发明的. 大约在公元600年前后的隋朝,人们从刻印章中得到启发,在人类历史上最早发明了雕版印刷术.
雕版印刷是在一定厚度的平滑的木板上,粘贴上抄写工整的书稿,薄而近乎透明的稿纸正面和木板相贴,字就成了反体,笔划清晰可辨.雕刻工人用刻刀把版面没有字迹的部分削去,就成了字体凸出的阳文,和字体凹入的碑石阴文截然不同.印刷的时候,在凸起的字体上涂上墨汁,然后把纸覆在它的上面,轻轻拂拭纸背,字迹就留在纸上了.到了宋朝,雕版印刷事业发展到全盛时期.雕版印刷对文化的传播起了重大作用,但是也存在明显缺点.第一,刻版费时费工费料,第二,大批书版存放不便,第三,有错字不容易更正.
北宋平民发明家毕升发明了活字印刷术,改进雕版印刷这些缺点.毕升是北宋中期的一个普通平民知识分子,当时人称布衣.他总结了历代雕版印刷的丰富的实践经验,经过反复试验,在宋仁宗庆历年间（公元1041－1048）制成了胶泥活字,实行排版印刷,完成了印刷史上一项重大的革命,大约200年后,这一技术传到其他国家,对世界文明的发展进程起到推动作用.
火药:是中国四大发明之一.火药,顾名思义就是(着火的药).它的起源与炼丹术有着密切的关系,是古代炼丹士在炼丹时无意中配制出来.
它是硫黄,硝石,炭的混合物,而前两项在汉代成书的中国第一部药物学典籍(神农本草经)里都被列为重要的药材.就是火药本身也被归入药类,明代李时珍的(本草纲目)中说,火药能治疮癣,杀虫,辟湿气和瘟疫.火药的发明是人们长期炼丹制药实践结果,至今已有一千多年历史.
唐朝末年,火药已被用于军事.到了宋代,战争接连不断,促进火药武器的加速发展.北宋政府建立了火药作坊,先后制造了火药箭,火炮等以燃烧性能为主的武器和(霹雳炮),(震天雷)等爆炸性较强的武器.南宋在1259年造出了以巨竹为筒,内装火药的(突火枪).到了元代又出现铜铸火统,称为(铜将军).这些都是以火药的爆炸为推动力的武器,在战争中显示了前所未有威力.
在12、13世纪,火药首先传入阿拉伯国家,然后传到希腊和欧洲乃至世界各地.对人类社会的文明进步,对经济和科学文化的发展,起了推动作用.美法各国直到十四世纪中叶,才有应用火药和火器的记载.
指南针:春秋时期,中国劳动人民就在采矿、冶炼中,逐渐认识了磁石.到战国时期,就有人用磁石做成器具来判定方向,当时叫“司南”,它是在一个无沿的方盘上放置一只水勺似的磁石,水勺的柄端向南指.到北宋后期（公元11世纪）,中国人民创造了人工磁铁,此后又创制了“指南鱼”,把用磁钢片制成的“鱼”放在水面上,以此指示方向.后来经过反复研究改进,又把磁钢片改成细小的磁钢针,并使它的尖端成磁北极,末端成为磁南极,这就成了指南针.北宋时期,人们创造了适用于航海的指南针,把航海事业推向了新的时代.这一时期,中国的造船技术在世界上也最为先进.到了14世纪初,指南针才由中国传到欧洲.

⑶ 中国四大发明的英文

"四大发明”英文名为“The Four Great Inventions”

“造纸术”英文名为“专Papermaking”
“火药属”英文名为“Gunpowder”
“印刷术”英文名为“Priniting Technique”
“指南针”英文名为“Compass”

⑷ 中国现代四大发明英文介绍

中国现代四大发明一般指新四大发明，所谓“新四大发明“是指“高铁、扫码支付、共享单车和网购”。2017年5月，来自“一带一路”沿线的20国青年评选出了“中国的新四大发明”：高铁、扫码支付、共享单车和网购。

1、High-speed rail

On October 1, 1964, Tokaido Shinkansen Line was officially opened to traffic. The operation speed is as high as 210 km/h. So the first real high-speed railway in the world was invented by Japan. This marks the arrival of a new era of high-speed railway in the world.

As a pioneer of high-speed railway in the world, Japan has accumulated rich experience for other countries, including China, which have not yet developed or are developing high-speed railway, and transferred some technology to these countries to help them develop high-speed railway system faster and more conveniently.

In March 2006, the CRH2A train Retrofitted from E2 series 1000 sets sailed from Kobe Port to Qing, China, and transferred some technology to China, thus ushering in the era of high-speed railway in China.

中文翻译：

1、高铁

1964年10月1日，日本东海道新干线正式通车。运营速度高达210公里/小时。故世界上第一条真正意义上的高速铁路由日本发明。这标志着世界高速铁路新纪元的到来。

日本作为世界高速铁路的先驱为包括中国在内的其他尚未或正在发展高速铁路的国家积累了丰富的经验，并有偿转让了部分技术予这些国家，以帮助其更快、更方便地发展高速铁路系统。

2006年3月，由E2系1000番台改造而来的CRH2A型列车从神户港装船出发前往中国青岛，并转让部分技术予中国，由此开启了中国的高铁时代。

2、Sweep Payment

The scanner payment model is based on the concept of mobile payment, and the earliest batch of payments made by mobile devices occurred in Finland in 1997. Finnish local media reported that Finland Telecom has launched a service to operate jukeboxes and beverage vending machines by dialing a pay phone number, which can buy Coca-Cola at Helsinki Airport.

The scanned two-dimensional code was invented by Japan DW Company in 1994.

2、扫码支付

扫码支付的模式建立在移动支付的概念上，而最早一批由移动设备完成的付款发生在1997年的芬兰。芬兰当地媒体报道，芬兰电信启用了通过拨打一个付费电话号码来操作点唱机和饮料自动售货机的服务，这项服务可以在赫尔辛基机场买可口可乐。

扫描的二维码则是1994年由日本DW公司发明。

3、Shared bicycle

As early as 1965, Amsterdam Municipal Government of the Netherlands put forward the "White Plan", according to which 50 bicycles were purchased by the government and painted with white paint and scattered around the city for people to use.

This is the earliest unmanned shared bicycle system in the world, so the shared bicycle was invented by the Netherlands. In 2007, France also had the freedom of bicycle travel. Later, it became popular and innovative in China, and promoted overseas.

3、共享单车

早在1965年，荷兰的阿姆斯特丹市政府提出了“白色计划”，根据该计划由政府购置50辆自行车并将其刷上白漆作为记号散放在城市各处供人使用，这是世界上最早的无人管理的共享单车系统，故共享单车由荷兰发明。2007年，法国也有单车自由行，到后来才中国风靡和创新模式发展，并推广海外。

4、online shopping

Online shopping belongs to the category of electronic commerce. In 1979, British Michael Aldrich invented the concept of online shopping. Aldridge used a technology called Videotex to connect ordinary televisions to local retailers'computers over telephone lines.

By the 1990s, after Amazon and eBay launched their websites in 1995, e-commerce began to be popular around the world.

4、网购

网购属于电子商务的范畴。在1979年，英国人麦克·奥德里奇（Michael Aldrich）发明了网上购物的概念。奥德里奇利用一种被称为Videotex的技术，通过电话线将普通电视机连接到了当地零售商的电脑。

到20世纪90年代，亚马逊和eBay在1995年推出了他们的网站后，电子商务开始在全球流行。

(4)中国古代四大发明的英文作文扩展阅读：

1、中国古代四大发明

四大发明，是关于中国科学技术史的一种观点，是指中国古代对世界具有很大影响的四种发明，是中国古代劳动人民的重要创造，是指造纸术、指南针、火药及印刷术。

此一说法最早由英国汉学家艾约瑟提出并为后来许多中国的历史学家所继承，普遍认为这四种发明对中国古代的政治、经济、文化的发展产生了巨大的推动作用，且这些发明经由各种途径传至西方，对世界文明发展史也产生了很大的影响。

2、历史意义

造纸术的发明：为人类提供了经济﹑便利的书写材料，掀起一场人类文字载体革命。

雕版印刷术的发明：大大促进了文化的传播。

指南针的发明：为欧洲航海家的航海活动，提供了条件。

火药武器的发明：火药武器的使用，改变了作战方式，帮助欧洲资产阶级摧毁了封建堡垒，加速了欧洲的历史进程。

⑸ 中国古代四大发明用英文怎么讲

造纸术 Papermaking

指南针 compass

火药 Gunpowder also called black powder

印刷术 Movable type the system of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproce the elements of a document (usually indivial letters or punctuation). The first known movable type system was invented in China by Bi Sheng out of ceramic between 1041 and 1048 AD. Metal movable type was first invented in Korea ring the Goryeo Dynasty (around 1230). This led to the printing of the Jikji in 1377 - today the world's oldest extant movable metal print book.

⑹ 中国古代四大发明英文介绍

The Four Great Inventions of China:
The Compass指南针
Gunpowder火药
Paper纸
Printing印刷内术容

These four discoveries had an enormous impact on the development of Chinese civilization and a far-ranging global impact.

⑺ 关于中国四大发明的英语作文，要简单的，80词左右，初三水平

写作思路：罗列出中国的四大发明，写出这些发明的伟大之处，使用简单的英文句子描写出这些。

正文：

There are four world famous inventions in China, one is gunpowder, the other is compass, the third is printing and the fourth is papermaking.

我国有世界著名的四大发明，一是火药，二是指南针，三是印刷术，四是造纸术。

This makes our ancient China become an ancient civilization.

这让我们中国古代成了文明古国。

China's four great inventions have played an irreplaceable role in various fields of science and technology.

中国的四大发明在各个科技领域中起到了不可替代的重要作用。

Gunpowder. Gunpowder was invented by us.

火药，火药是我们发明的。

What does gunpowder bring us?

火药给我们带来什么东西呢？

It brought fireworks, firecrackers, fireworks, mining, and aerospace.

带来了礼花、带来了鞭炮、用于制造烟花爆竹、用于采矿，还有用于航天事业的发展。

Up to now, gunpowder has played an important role in our history.

到今天为止火药在我们的历史上发挥着巨大的作用。

Compass, China's Zheng He with the compass seven voyages, opened up the Chinese culture into the world's first.

指南针，我国的郑和用指南针七下西洋，开拓了中华民族文化进军世界的先河。

The earliest compass was called "Sinan" in China.

最早的指南针中国人称之为“司南”。

The compass is also used in navigation, as well as for military personnel to locate.

指南针也被用于航海，以及军事家确定方位。

Printing, it is said that a man named Bi Sheng invented letterpress printing.

印刷术，相传有个叫毕升的人发明了活版印刷术。

With the development of modern instry, laser Phototypesetting, digital technology and other new printing technologies will be used in modern life.

随着现代工业的发展，激光照排、数字技术等新型印刷技术将用于现代生活中。

Cai Lun is a great inventor of papermaking in China. He invented papermaking.

造纸术，蔡伦是我国伟大的发明家，是他发明了造纸术。

With the invention and spread of papermaking, the carrier cost of characters has been greatly reced, thus greatly promoting the development of science and technology and economy in the world.

造纸的发明与传播，使文字的载体成本得到了大幅度的下降，从而极大地推动了世界科技、经济的发展。

The four great inventions have made us proud and promoted the continuous development of Chinese civilization, but now we have some inventions which are backward. For example, papermaking and printing are very advanced in foreign countries. Therefore, we should study hard and master knowledge to make our motherland stronger.

四大发明曾让我们自豪过，也曾推动中华文明向前不断发展，可是现在有部分发明我们已经处于落后局面，比如造纸术、印刷术在外国已经很先进了，因此我们应该好好学习，掌握知识，才能让我们的祖国更加强大。

⑻ 有关中国四大发明的英语短篇作文

The four great inventionsPaper: paper is an important chemical processes, the invention of paper is Chinese in the spread of human culture and development make a valuable contribution, is China's chemical history of a major achievement.The paper also before, oracle bones, bamboo slips and silk silk is used for writing, the ancient recorded material. But e to the rapid development of the economy, culture, bones and bamboo can not meet the demand of development, thus contributing to the improvement of writing tools. At that time people began using small silk made of paper, as the ancient Chinese when paper by hemp thread and silk, and preparation method of rough paper, so the quality is not so good. But the hemp thread and silk has its own role, to use them as a raw material for paper-making, would be greatly restricted, and difficult to get rapid development, to meet the cultural life of the requirement to paper.In the new situation request, Cai Lun of Eastern Han Dynasty for the emergence of papermaking to bring new breakthrough in the Eastern Han Dynasty," views on" 2 records:" Cai Lun, talented, dedicated to cautious, every vacation, closed to the guest, aeration body field. Code for the sale, made with bark and spacious cloth, net to make paper. Xing Yuan first year playing, the emperor can, since is not used, the salty called Cai Hou paper". From above, Cai Lun is using bark, rags, net of papermaking. Although before Cai Lun also has a paper, but raw material itself is very limited, and Cai Lun on the new raw materials, to solve this problem. Because the rag, broken fishnet had already finished their task, a waste and used as a raw material for papermaking instry, which plays an important role.Printing: is the working people in ancient China through long-term practice and research before the invention of. About the year before and after 600 years of Sui Dynasty, people from the engraved seal inspire 四大发明 造纸术:造纸是一项重要的化学工艺，纸的发明是中国在人类文化的传播和发展上所做出的一项十分宝贵的贡献，是中国化学史上的一项重大的成就。 在纸还未发明之前，甲骨、竹简和绢帛是古代用来供书写、记载的材料。但由于西汉的经济、文化迅速发展，甲骨和竹简不能满足发展的需求，从而促使了书写工具的改进。当时人们已开始应用小块的丝绵制成的纸，由于古汉时的纸张是由麻缕和丝绵，加上制法粗糙，所以纸张的质量不太好。而麻缕和丝绵都有其本身的作用，如要把它们用作造纸的原料，就必然会受到很大的限制，而难以得到迅速的发展，来满足文化生活上对纸张的要求。 在新的客观形势要求下，东汉蔡伦的出现为造纸术带来新突破，在《东汉观记》卷二上记载：“蔡伦，有才学，尽忠重慎，每次休沐，闭门以绝宾客，曝体田野。典作尚方，造意用树皮及敝布、鱼网作纸。元兴元年奏上，帝善其能，自是莫不用，天下咸称蔡侯纸”。从以上看来，蔡伦是用树皮、破布、鱼网造纸的。虽然在蔡伦之前也有纸的存在，但是原料本身就有很大的局限，而蔡伦对新原料的发现，解决了这个问题。因为破布、破鱼网早已结束了它们本身的任务，成了废物而又用作做原料，对造纸工业起了极大的推动作用。

⑼ 中国古代的四大发明用英文怎么写

中国古代的四大发明，英语是： Four Great Inventions of Ancient China.
中国是许多伟大发明的发源地，包括中国古代的四大发明：造纸术、指南针、火药、印刷（包括木字和活字印刷）。
China has been the source of many significant inventions, including the Four Great Inventions of ancient China: paper, the compass, gunpowder, and printing ( both woodblock and movable type).

重点词汇：
invention 英[ɪnˈvenʃn] 美[ɪnˈvɛnʃən]
n. 发明; 发明物; 捏造：内心捏造的东西，特指谎言; 发明才能;
[例句]It's been a tricky business marketing his new invention
宣传他的新发明一直是件棘手的事情。

ancient 英[ˈeɪnʃənt] 美[ˈenʃənt]
adj. 古代的，已往的; 古老的，过时的; 年老的; 老式的;
n. 古代人; 古文明国的国民; <古>高龄老人; <古>旗手;
[例句]They believed ancient Greece and Rome were vital sources of learning.
他们认为古代希腊罗马是知识的重要发源地。