『壹』 斗拱结构最早是谁发明的
对斗栱的起源有三种说法。一种认为由井干结构的交叉出头处变化而成；一版种认为由穿出柱权外的挑梁变化而成；一种认为由擎檐柱演化为托挑梁的斜撑，再演化成斗拱。西周铜器拱令簋上已有大斗的形象，斗拱的实例最早见于战国时期中山国出土的四龙四凤铜方案。应该和历史上很多发明一样，属于在长期实践中出现，没法说清楚是谁发明的。
『贰』 谁发明的拱形结构在什么时候发明的我知道是罗马人！但是具体人名不清！！急急急！！
维基网络上的英语介绍：
True arches, as opposed to corbel arches, were known by a number of civilizations in the Ancient Near East, the Levant, andMexico, but their use was infrequent and mostly confined to underground structures such as drains where the problem of lateral thrust is greatly diminished.[13] A rare exception is the Bronze Age arched city gate of Ashkelon (modern dayIsrael), dating to ca. 1850 B.C.[14] An early example of a voussoir arch appears in the Greek Rhodes Footbridge.[15] In 2010, a robot discovered a long arch-roofed passageway underneath the Pyramid of Quetzalcoatl which stands in the ancient city ofTeotihuacan north of Mexico City, dated to around 200 AD.[16]
The ancient Romans learned the arch from the Etruscans, refined it and were the first builders to tap its full potential for above ground buildings:
The Romans were the first builders in Europe, perhaps the first in the world, fully to appreciate the advantages of the arch, the vault and the dome.[17]
Throughout the Roman empire, their engineers erected arch structures such as bridges, aquects, and gates. They also introced the triumphal arch as a military monument. Vaults began to be used for roofing large interior spaces such as halls and temples, a function that was also assumed by domed structures from the 1st century BC onwards.
The segmental arch was first built by the Romans who realized that an arch in a bridge did not have to be a semicircle,[18][19] such as in Alconétar Bridge or Ponte San Lorenzo. They were also routinely used in house construction as in Ostia Antica (see picture).
The semicircular arch was followed in Europe by the pointed Gothic arch or ogive whose centreline more closely followed the forces of compression and which was therefore stronger. The semicircular arch can be flattened to make an elliptical arch as in the Ponte Santa Trinita. Both the parabolic and the catenary arches are now known to be the theoretically strongest forms. Parabolic arches were introced in construction by the Spanish architect Antoni Gaudí, who admired the structural system ofGothic style, but for the buttresses, which he termed "architectural crutches". The catenary and parabolic arches carry all horizontal thrust to the foundation and so do not need additional elements.
The horseshoe arch is based on the semicircular arch, but its lower ends are extended further round the circle until they start to converge. The first known built horseshoe arches are known from Aksum (modern day Ethiopia and Eritrea) from around the 3rd–4th century, around the same time as the earliest contemporary examples in Roman Syria, suggesting either an Aksumite or Syrian origin for the type of arch.
意大利语介绍更全，怕你看不懂，跟你简要说一下：
拱的确切发明时间是无法确定的，可以断定第一次使用半圆形结构不是用在拱上，最早一批发现的使用拱结构的遗址在四千年前的美索不达亚，以及四千到三千年前的古埃及。
然后“伪拱”（意大利语解释是 falso arco），在米诺斯文化和迈锡尼建筑里都有使用，不过与罗马拱还是有很大区别。
以上两种情况只能说是拱的前身，不能算是真正定义上的拱，因为其根本没有起到真正的拱的作用。
考古学家 C.L. Woolley 证明存在一个世界上最古老的拱，最早的半圆形拱，追溯到前1400年，然而此时美索不达亚已经使用拱建筑造桥几个世纪了。
古希腊人也在一些建筑的暗门结构上使用了拱，到了后期古罗马人将拱进行改造，并且开始广泛使用拱结构。
所以我的理解是，具体指谁肯定是说不出来的，这个历史上难以考证。我的解答也只是给你做一个参考。目测你遇到的问题有点问题！
『叁』 拱最初是如何诞生的
拱是用楔形砖或石料建成的一种弧形结构物，每一块砖和石料都相互依靠，侧向压力由柱子导入地下。其中任何一部分拿掉，拱就会倒塌。古代巴比伦人的空中花园引水槽就是用拱形支撑结构；埃及人和希腊人也采用拱的技术；印度用拱来建造砖砌的贮水池；而中国则在公元前3世纪用它来建造穹隆式墓穴。拱在古罗马得到了进一步的发展。后来又发明了拱顶。拱顶是由若干个拱形成的，比圆柱和过梁结构能够跨越更宽的距离。古罗马人采用圆拱顶，而哥特时代则发展成尖拱顶。
『肆』 拱形桥是谁发明的
拱形桥 【拱形桥的优点有：可实现的跨径大，通航和泻洪能力较强，坚固耐用,就地取材,节约材料,形式优美等。】
1从宏观受力的角度分析,拱桥最大的特点是其构件主要是受压，而直桥形式应该是这样几种结构：梁桥、悬锁桥（吊桥）、斜拉桥，斜拉桥，梁桥的受力主要是跨中弯矩，悬锁桥（吊桥）主要是受拉。
通过比较，可以得出拱形桥是最实用的桥。
梁桥是车子到哪哪里就受压，拱桥是周围的都在受力，悬索桥除了自身以外还有绳索的力，所以，拱桥是受力最合理的桥梁，同时加工建筑材料造价低，但只抗压不抗拉，合理的拱桥拱圈结构只受压力不受拉力，加工建筑材料能够发挥最大的力学性能，桥上荷载通过拱圈传递推力给拱座，拱座一般为大体积重力式结构承受拱圈传递的推力
【桥梁从建筑材料角度来看，最主要是石材和木材，木材在强度和耐久性上远不及石材，石材的受压能力大大强于其受拉受弯能力。】
2桥梁从建筑材料角度分析
拱桥:利用石材的受压，可以通过一块一块的小石块挤压形成较大跨径,受力合理,适用广泛。 梁桥:受弯拉，简单说只能用厚重的条石搭在桥墩上实现，所以跨径小，浪费材料，也不便施工，而且桥下过水面积小不便通航和泻洪。 悬锁桥（吊桥）受拉，自重轻，跨径大，稳定性差,一般由铁链、藤锁类等材料建造，受材料地域和耐久性以及地质条件限制应用不是很广泛。
3从微观受力角度分析：
拱形桥是半圆凸弧，顶端F合=G-F压（即向心力），Vmax=根号GR ,到达顶端时，向心力全部由重力充当，根据圆周运动公式可得出以下结论：
车辆行人上桥到下桥过程中
1.线速度V=s/t=2πR/T
始终不变
2向心力F心=mV2/R=mω2R=m(2π/T)2R
始终不变
3对桥的压力比平地时要小
F合=G-N
所以N=G-F合〈G （F合=mg-ma）
综上所述，拱形桥在多方面比其他桥梁更普遍，更实用。
谁发明的没查到
『伍』 拱形桥是谁发明的
隋朝李春发明的
『陆』 拱猪是谁发明的
有人讲，“拱猪”源于军队，甚至有人说是原华野23军发明的。肯定来自于民间，呵呵，能给大家带来乐趣。
『柒』 古代亚述人发明的拱被称为什么
亚述（Assyria）古代西亚奴隶制国家。位于底格里斯河中游。公元前三千年代中叶，属于闪米特族的亚述人在此建立亚述尔城后逐渐形成贵族专制的奴隶制城邦。