❶ 涓婁綅鏄浠涔堟剰鎬濓紵
鈥滀笂浣嶈呪濆湪鍙ゆ椂鍊欐寚鍦頒綅灝婂磭鐨勪漢錛岀粺娌昏咃紝鍜岀櫨濮撳湪闃剁駭涓婃槸瀵圭珛鐨勩備綘鐨勮佹澘鍦ㄥ叕鍙哥殑鑼冨洿鍐呬篃鍙浠ヨ存槸涓婁綅鑰咃紝姣曠珶浜哄舵槸棰嗗煎晩錛屽懙鍛點傗滀笂浣嶈呯殑鍝佽川鈥濅竴鑸鏄鎸囩粺娌昏呰嚜韜鐨勭殑閬撳痙淇鍏伙紝浠ュ強鎵ф斂鑳藉姏錛屾槸鍚︿竴蹇冧負姘戱紝鏄鍚︿負姘戣皨奼傜忕夌瓑絳
❷ 涓婁綅鐨勮В閲婁笂浣嶇殑瑙ｉ噴鏄浠涔
涓婁綅鐨勮瘝璇瑙ｉ噴鏄錛1.楂樺畼錛涙樉杈劇殑鑱屼綅銆2.鐗規寚鍚涗綅錛屽笣浣嶃3.鎸囧悰涓匯4.涓婄駭瀹樺憳錛涗笂鍙搞5.涓婂駭錛岃吹瀹㈠駭浣嶃
涓婁綅鐨勮瘝璇瑙ｉ噴鏄錛1.楂樺畼錛涙樉杈劇殑鑱屼綅銆2.鐗規寚鍚涗綅錛屽笣浣嶃3.鎸囧悰涓匯4.涓婄駭瀹樺憳錛涗笂鍙搞5.涓婂駭錛岃吹瀹㈠駭浣嶃傛嫾闊蟲槸錛歴h脿ngw貓i銆傜粨鏋勬槸錛氫笂(鐙浣撶粨鏋)浣(宸﹀彸緇撴瀯)銆傛敞闊蟲槸錛氥剷銊_銊ㄣ劅_銆
涓婁綅鐨勫叿浣撹В閲婃槸浠涔堝憿錛屾垜浠閫氳繃浠ヤ笅鍑犱釜鏂歸潰涓烘偍浠嬬粛錛
涓銆佸紩璇佽В閲娿愮偣姝ゆ煡鐪嬭″垝璇︾粏鍐呭廣
鈷堥珮瀹橈紱鏄捐揪鐨勮亴浣嶃傚紩銆婃槗路涔俱嬶細鈥滄槸鏁呭眳涓婁綅鑰屼笉楠勶紝鍦ㄤ笅浣嶈屼笉蹇с傗濄婃垬鍥界瓥路榻愮瓥鍥涖嬶細鈥滄柤鏄錛屾佺帇鉶氫笂浣嶏紝浠ユ晠鐩鎬負涓婂皢鍐涳紝閬ｄ嬌鑰咃紝榛勯噾鍗冩枻錛岃濺鐧句箻錛屽線鑱樺瓱灝濆悰銆傗濆攼闊╂剤銆婁笌宕旂兢涔︺嬶細鈥滄墍浠ュ傛や簯浜戣咃紝浠ヤ負瓚充笅璐よ咃紝瀹滃湪涓婁綅銆俖鏂煎箷搴滐紝鍒欎笉涓哄緱鍏舵墍銆傗濋儹娌鑻ャ婃槦絀郝峰ょ瑰悰涔嬩簩瀛愩嬶細鈥滃傛灉涓鍒囧湪涓婁綅鐨勪漢閮藉拰浣犱竴鏍鳳紝鎶婅嚜宸辯殑鐖電勬姏寮冧簡錛岀湡姝ｅ仛涓鑷椋熷叾鍔涚殑騫蟲皯錛岄偅鍙灝卞ソ浜嗐傗濃拤鐗規寚鍚涗綅錛屽笣浣嶃傚紩銆婄″瓙路鐗ф皯銆嬶細鈥滄晠鍒戠綒綣佽屾剰涓嶆亹錛屽垯浠や笉琛岀煟錛涙潃鎴浼楄屽績涓嶆湇錛屽垯涓婁綅鍗辯煟銆傗濆畫璧靛濺鍗銆婁簯楹撴極閽炪嬪嵎鍗侊細鈥滃哀闈炰笉鑳藉彫鑸滆岀暀鏂煎笣瀹わ紝浠ヨ垳鏈夌埗姣嶏紝鏁呭張浠ヤ簩濂砡涔嬶紝瀹墮綈韜姝ｏ紝涓捐屽姞涔嬩笂浣嶃傗濃拪鎸囧悰涓匯傚紩鍚存櫁銆婃湵鍏冪拫浼犮嬬涓夌珷浜岋細鈥滃厓鐠嬪氭℃淳浣胯嚕鐫ｈ矗錛屽浗鐝嶆帹璇達細鈥樺綋鍒濈尞涓夐儭錛屼負淇濈櫨濮擄紝璇蜂笂浣嶅氬彂鍐涢┈鏉ュ畧錛屼氦榪樺煄奼犮傗欌濆師娉錛氣滃綋鏃朵漢縐板悰鐜嬩負涓婁綅銆傗濃拫涓婄駭瀹樺憳錛涗笂鍙搞傚紩瀹嬭寖鍏琠銆婅繃搴褰曘嬶細鈥滈儭鍖誨氱敓錛屼互鏈璧傜粨鏉冭吹錛岃豹鎮ｈ帿姣旓紝鐩戝徃鎯涔嬨傞儭鍘垮儦鍚忥紝灞呰亴鑳藉獨濮氱敓鑰咃紝鉶戒笂浣嶆湁闅欙紝浜﹀繀鍠勭粓錛屾垨鍗囨敼鑰屽幓錛涘弽鏄鑰呯ジ浜︿笉嫻嬨傗濄婂厓鍏哥珷路鍦ｆ斂路鎸鏈濈翰銆嬶細鈥滀笘紲栫殗甯濅箣鍚庯紝鍚勬灊鍎塊噷榪戣岀殑瀹樹漢錛屾瘡絳変笂浣嶅忎簡錛屽氫笌浜嗗湥鏃ㄦ潵錛屽彲鎬滆佸懙銆傗濃拰涓婂駭錛岃吹瀹㈠駭浣嶃傚紩奼夊垬鍚戙婃柊搴徛鋒潅浜嬩竴銆嬶細鈥滅Е浣胯呰嚦錛屾槶濂氭仱鏇幫細鈥樺悰錛屽涔燂紝璇峰氨涓婁綅銆傗欌
浜屻佸浗璇璇嶅吀
楂樹綅銆侀珮瀹樸傝瘝璇緲昏瘧鑻辮璽opseat,娉曡璽op,
涓夈佺綉緇滆В閲
涓婁綅銆婁笂浣嶃嬫槸涓閮ㄩ潚鏄ョ被鐨勭數褰憋紝鏄鐢辯℃檽鏉板兼紨錛岀敱璧靛曟銆佹枃鍗撲富婕旓紝2013騫2鏈28鏃ヤ腑鍥戒笂鏄犮傚獎鐗囦富瑕佽茶堪浜嗗寳浜鐨勫滅敓媧伙紝涓磋繎姣曚笟灝辮誨寳鐢電殑鍥涗釜鍚屽瘽瀹ょ殑濂藉愬癸紝鏉庤嫢婧銆佷箶濮褲佹櫒濡銆佺編緹庡拰鍖楁紓濂蟲紨鍛樺┓濠風敤鍚勮嚜涓嶅悓鐨勬柟寮忥紝涓鴻嚜宸辯殑婕旇壓璋嬪嚭璺銆備笂浣嶏紙奼夎璇嶈錛変笂浣嶆寚鏀鍗囪嚦鏇撮珮浣嶇疆錛屾垨鍙樺緱鏇存湁鍚嶆皵銆
鍏充簬涓婁綅鐨勮繎涔夎瘝
涓嬩綅
鍏充簬涓婁綅鐨勮瘲鍙
涓婁綅鍏堝悕瀹炰笂浣嶄綍濡傜煟涓婁綅浣曞傜煟
鍏充簬涓婁綅鐨勫崟璇
superego
鍏充簬涓婁綅鐨勬垚璇
緔犻愬案浣嶈劚琚嶉浣嶇獌浣嶇礌槨愬案浣嶇礌槨愯櫄浣嶄互寰呬綅鍗戣█楂樹笁浣嶄竴浣撲笉瀹変簬浣嶇′綅澶烘潈
鍏充簬涓婁綅鐨勮瘝璇
灝鎬綅緔犻愰珮浣嶅帤紱勪綅鍗戣█楂樺案浣嶈鍥藉嚭浣嶅儹璦紿冧綅緔犻愯劚琚嶉浣嶄笁浣嶄竴浣撲節浜斾箣浣嶇礌槨愬案浣
鍏充簬涓婁綅鐨勯犲彞
1銆佽ョ郴緇熺殑紜浠剁數璺鐢遍噰闆嗗櫒銆佹帶鍒朵富鏈哄拰涓婁綅鏈虹粍鎴愩
2銆佷笂浣嶈呯畝鎹風殑鍥炵瓟涓錛屾墍甯︽湁鐨勬樉鑰屾槗瑙佺殑涓嶆偊錛岃╄繖浣嶅皯鏍￠┈涓婅瘑鐩哥殑鍘昏崏鎷熸墭璇嶅幓浜嗐
3銆佸苟涓斿湪寮鍙戣繃紼嬩腑錛屼笂浣嶆満杞浠墮噰鐢ㄥ浗浜р滅粍鎬佺帇鈥濆拰鐩哥粨鍚堢殑鏂瑰紡錛屽厠鏈嶄簡鈥滅粍鎬佺帇鈥濆懡浠よ璦鐜澧冭緝寮辯殑緙虹偣銆
4銆佽瘹鐒訛紝鑱屽満涓鐨勭珵浜夋槸涓嶅彲閬垮厤鐨勶紝浣嗘槸蹇冩湳涓嶆ｇ殑浜哄嵆渚胯兘澶熶笂浣嶄篃鏄縐嬪悗鋩傝毐緗浜嗐
5銆佹枃絝犳彁鍑轟竴縐嶅熀浜庣殑瀹ゅ栫數宸ュ貳宀椾綔涓氱洃鎺х郴緇熸潵瑙ｅ喅閾佽礬姘寸數閮ㄩ棬淇濊瘉宸￠亾浣滀笟璐ㄩ噺鐨勪竴縐嶆柊鎬濊礬錛屽苟瀵圭郴緇熸墜鎸佹満鐨勮捐¤佹眰浣滀簡杈冨厖鍒嗙殑浠嬬粛錛屽逛笂浣嶆満鐨勮蔣浠跺簲鍏峰囩殑鍔熻兘浣滀簡闃愯堪銆
鐐規ゆ煡鐪嬫洿澶氬叧浜庝笂浣嶇殑璇︾粏淇℃伅
❸ 涓婁綅鐨勬剰鎬濓紵
娉ㄩ煶 銊曘劋藡 銊ㄣ劅藡
鎷奸煶 sh脿ng w貓i
鍩烘湰閲婁箟
鈷 楂樺畼錛涙樉杈劇殑鑱屼綅銆
鈷 鐗規寚鍚涗綅錛屽笣浣嶃
鈷 鎸囧悰涓匯
鈷 涓婄駭瀹樺憳錛涗笂鍙搞
鈷 涓婂駭錛岃吹瀹㈠駭浣嶃
鐩稿弽璇
涓嬩綅
鑻辨枃 top seat, person occupying leading position
娉曡 top, personne occupant une position de premier plan
鍥借杈炲吀綆緙栨湰涓婁綅銆屻剷銊に嬨銊ㄣ劅藡銆
1.楂樹綅錛屼笂綰ц亴浣嶃
閫犲彞鍦ㄤ笂浣嶈呰佸父甯稿惉鍙栧睘涓嬬殑寤鴻█錛屼互瀵繪眰鏀硅繘銆
2.涓婂駭錛岃吹瀹㈠駭浣嶃
閫犲彞鐜嬩集浼錛屾偍杈堝垎杈冮暱錛岃峰氨涓婁綅銆
鍥借杈炲吀淇璁㈡湰涓婁綅銆屻剷銊に 銊ㄣ劅藡銆
鈷 楂樹綅銆侀珮瀹樸
寮曘婃槗緇徛蜂咕鍗β蜂節涓夈嬶細銆屾槸鏁呭眳涓婁綅鑰屼笉楠勶紝鍦ㄤ笅浣嶈屼笉蹇с傘嶃婃垬鍥界瓥路榻愮瓥鍥涖嬶細銆屼簬鏄姊佺帇鉶氫笂浣嶏紝浠ユ晠鐩鎬負涓婂皢鍐涳紱閬ｄ嬌鑰呴粍閲戝崈鏂ゃ佽濺鐧句箻錛屽線鑱樺瓱灝濆悰銆傘
鍙嶄笅浣
鈷 涓婂駭錛岃吹瀹㈠駭浣嶃
寮曟眽路鍒樺悜銆婃柊搴徛峰嵎涓路鏉備簨絎涓銆嬶細銆岀Е浣胯呰嚦錛屾槶濂氭仱鏇幫細銆庡悰錛屽涔燂紝璇峰氨涓婁綅銆傘忋
鈷 閬椾紶瀛︿笂鎸囦竴涓鍩哄洜騫叉壈鍙︿竴涓闈炲逛綅鍩哄洜琛ㄧ幇鐨勭幇璞°
寮曡瘉瑙ｉ噴鈷 楂樺畼錛涙樉杈劇殑鑱屼綅銆
寮曘婃槗路騫層嬶細鈥滄槸鏁呭眳涓婁綅鑰屼笉楠勶紝鍦ㄤ笅浣嶈屼笉蹇с傗濄婃垬鍥界瓥路榻愮瓥鍥涖嬶細鈥滀簬鏄錛 姊佺帇 鉶氫笂浣嶏紝浠ユ晠鐩鎬負涓婂皢鍐涳紝閬ｄ嬌鑰咃紝榛勯噾鍗冩枻錛岃濺鐧句箻錛屽線鑱 瀛熷皾鍚涖傗濆攼 闊╂剤 銆婁笌宕旂兢涔︺嬶細鈥滄墍浠ュ傛や簯浜戣咃紝浠ヤ負瓚充笅璐よ咃紝瀹滃湪涓婁綅銆傛墭浜庡箷搴滐紝鍒欎笉涓哄緱鍏舵墍銆傗濋儹娌鑻 銆婃槦絀郝峰ょ瑰悰涔嬩簩瀛愩嬶細鈥滃傛灉涓鍒囧湪涓婁綅鐨勪漢閮藉拰浣犱竴鏍鳳紝鎶婅嚜宸辯殑鐖電勬姏寮冧簡錛岀湡姝ｅ仛涓鑷椋熷叾鍔涚殑騫蟲皯錛岄偅鍙灝卞ソ浜嗐傗
鈷 鐗規寚鍚涗綅錛屽笣浣嶃
寮曘婄″瓙路鐗ф皯銆嬶細鈥滄晠鍒戠綒綣佽屾剰涓嶆亹錛屽垯浠や笉琛岀煟錛涙潃鎴浼楄屽績涓嶆湇錛屽垯涓婁綅鍗辯煟銆傗濆畫 璧靛濺鍗 銆婁簯楹撴極閽炪嬪嵎鍗侊細鈥滃哀 闈炰笉鑳藉彫 鑸 鑰岀暀浜庡笣瀹わ紝浠 鑸 鏈夌埗姣嶏紝鏁呭張浠ヤ簩濂沖珨涔嬶紝瀹墮綈韜姝ｏ紝涓捐屽姞涔嬩笂浣嶃傗
鈷 鎸囧悰涓匯
寮曞惔鏅 銆婃湵鍏冪拫浼犮嬬涓夌珷浜岋細鈥滃厓鐠 澶氭℃淳浣胯嚕鐫ｈ矗錛 鍥界弽 鎺ㄨ達細鈥樺綋鍒濈尞涓夐儭錛屼負淇濈櫨濮擄紝璇蜂笂浣嶅氬彂鍐涢┈鏉ュ畧錛屼氦榪樺煄奼犮傗欌濆師娉錛氣滃綋鏃朵漢縐板悰鐜嬩負涓婁綅銆傗
鈷 涓婄駭瀹樺憳錛涗笂鍙搞
寮曞畫 鑼冨叕鍋 銆婅繃搴褰曘嬶細鈥滈儭鍖 濮氱敓錛屼互鏈璧傜粨鏉冭吹錛岃豹鎮ｈ帿姣旓紝鐩戝徃鎯涔嬨傞儭鍘垮儦鍚忥紝灞呰亴鑳藉獨 濮氱敓 鑰咃紝鉶戒笂浣嶆湁闅欙紝浜﹀繀鍠勭粓錛屾垨鍗囨敼鑰屽幓錛涘弽鏄鑰呯ジ浜︿笉嫻嬨傗濄婂厓鍏哥珷路鍦ｆ斂路鎸鏈濈翰銆嬶細鈥滀笘紲栫殗甯 涔嬪悗錛屽悇鏋濆効閲岃繎琛岀殑瀹樹漢錛屾瘡絳変笂浣嶅忎簡錛屽氫笌浜嗗湥鏃ㄦ潵錛屽彲鎬滆佸懙銆傗
鈷 涓婂駭錛岃吹瀹㈠駭浣嶃
寮曟眽 鍒樺悜 銆婃柊搴徛鋒潅浜嬩竴銆嬶細鈥滅Е 浣胯呰嚦錛 鏄濂氭仱 鏇幫細鈥樺悰錛屽涔燂紝璇峰氨涓婁綅銆傗欌