四大發明star

Ⅰ 中國四大發明（英語）

The Four Great Inventions of ancient China are, according to Chinese tradition and the British scholar and biochemist Joseph Needham:

The Compass
Gunpowder
Papermaking
Printing
These inventions are celebrated in Chinese culture for their historical significance and as signs of ancient China's advanced science and technology. These four discoveries had an enormous impact on the development of Chinese civilization and a far-ranging global impact.

Although he may have been unaware of the origin of these inventions, in 1620 the English philosopher Francis Bacon noted their importance by writing:
好像對
Printing, gunpowder and the compass: These three have changed the whole face and state of things throughout the world; the first in literature, the second in warfare, the third in navigation; whence have followed innumerable changes, in so much that no empire, no sect, no star seems to have exerted greater power and influence in human affairs than these.

Ⅱ Star farming 怎麼翻譯

是「四大發明」的意思，西安交通大學有一個 四大發明廣場，被同學們戲稱為star farming square,簡稱「四大」。

Ⅲ 中國的「四大發明」用英語怎麼說

Four Great Inventions :

四大發明：

Papermaking ,Commercial Printing ,Gunpowder ,Compass

造紙術，活字印刷術，火葯，指南針

指南針是用以判別方位的一種簡單儀器。前身是司南。主要組成部分是一根裝在軸上可以自由轉動的磁針。磁針在地磁場作用下能保持在磁子午線的切線方向上。磁針的北極指向地理的北極，利用這一性能可以辨別方向。

造紙術是中國四大發明之一，人類文明史上的一項傑出的發明創造。中國是世界上最早養蠶織絲的國家。

火葯：一種黑色或棕色的炸葯，由硝酸鉀、木炭和硫磺機械混合而成，最初均製成粉末狀，以後一般製成大小不同的顆粒狀，可供不同用途之需，在採用無煙火葯以前，一直用作唯一的軍用發射葯。

中國是世界上最早發明印刷術的國家。早期的印刷是把圖文刻在木板上用水墨印刷的，木版水印畫仍用此法，統稱「刻版印刷術」（亦稱「雕版印刷術」）刻版印刷的前身是公元前流行的印章捺印和後來出現的拓印碑石等。造紙和制墨等生產技術出現之後，逐漸發明了刻版印刷技術。

(3)四大發明star擴展閱讀：

例句：

Gunpowder was first invented in China. In the Tang Dynasty, gunpowder was invented in China. In Song Dynasty, it was widely used in military affairs. At the time of yuan and Ming Dynasties, rockets were also built by using the principle of jet. Gunpowder has been abroad since thirteenth Century.

中國首先發明火葯。 早在唐代， 中國就發明了火葯。 到宋代已被大量運用到軍事上。 元、明之際， 還利用噴氣原理製造了「火箭」。 火葯從13世紀起傳到國外。

Ⅳ 四大發明對推動世界文明進步有什麼作用

紙張、印刷術、火葯和指南針四大發明在世界范圍內對政治、經濟、軍事、文化等產生了深遠的影響。西漢時期已經出現早期的植物纖維紙，但比較粗糙，書寫不方便。東漢時的宦官蔡倫，改進了造紙方法，用樹皮、麻頭、破布和舊魚網作原料，製造出既美觀又便宜，並且書寫方便的紙張，並使這種以麻為主要原料的紙得到推廣，對書寫起到了重要的推動作用。造紙術逐步推廣開來，到了公元三四世紀，紙取代竹簡和絲帛成為中國的主要書寫材料。
戰國時，人們用天然磁石磨成「司南」，這是世界上最早的指南針，到今天已經有兩千多年了。到了宋朝，發明了人造磁鐵，磁性比天然磁鐵穩定。指南針的裝置也有很大改進，人們發明了指南魚、指南龜、水浮指南針等指南工具。在宋代，特別是南宋，海外貿易非常發達。為了克服在海洋中航行的困難，到北宋末年，在航海上已經應用了指南針。南宋時還出現了將指南針安裝在刻著度數和方位的圓盤上的羅盤針。在海上航行的人，在沒有太陽的白天，沒有月亮的晚上，都能辨別方向。
在人類文明發展史上，印刷術的地位非常重要。北宋的畢舁發明了一種既省時省力又經濟的印刷方法，即活字印刷。畢舁發明的是泥活字。先在粘土製成塊的一個個小方塊上刻出反字。製成一批後，就放在窯中燒硬成為陶字。排版時，在一塊鐵板上鋪上一層用松香、蠟和紙灰混合的粉末，把一個個陶字排在有框的鐵板上，然後把鐵板放到火上加溫，等粉末熔化後，用一塊平板把字壓平。鐵板溫度降低後，活字固定，就可以印刷了。印板中如果有錯別字，可以隨時換，印完一版，活字拆了，鐵板可以再用。畢舁為印刷術的改進打下了基礎，西夏有了木活字，明代改成銅活字，直到後來使用的鉛活字。
中國古代有專門煉丹的人，他們中有人把硫磺、硝石、木炭放在一起燒煉引起了燃燒和爆炸，人們把這三種物質的混合叫做「火葯」。唐朝中期的書籍里記載了製成火葯的方法。唐朝末年，火葯開始用於軍事。在宋代，火葯得到了廣泛使用，火葯不僅被用在生活中，狩獵、開石、採石，製造爆竹和焰火，更多地被用在軍事上。火器的製造技術也提高到了一個新的階段。北宋製造的火葯武器主要是燃燒性的、爆炸性的，如火箭、霹靂火球、蒺藜火球等。到了南宋，發明了管狀火器，把火葯裝在竹筒里點火噴射。有一次，宋朝軍隊和蒙古軍隊打仗，宋軍發明了管狀「突火槍」，即把火葯裝在竹筒里，然後裝上「子窠」。「子窠」和子彈的性質差不多，是用石子和鐵塊做的。這是世界上最早的原始步槍。它的出現是火器製造歷史上劃時代的進步。
參考資料：http://www.zqtjjy.com/bbs/dispbbs.asp?boardid=3&id=66544&star=1&page=1

Ⅳ 關於四大發明的詩

宋-曾豐【呈羅春信】詩曰：「......車中幸有司南柄//試與迷途指大方」。

晉-楊方【合歡詩五首】「磁石引長針//陽燧下炎煙......」。

唐-徐鉉【和江西蕭少卿見寄二首】「亡羊岐路愧司南，二紀窮通聚散三......」。

唐-戴叔倫【贈徐山人】「......針自指南天窅窅//星猶拱北夜漫漫......」。

宋-陳造【次韻方秘正】「......路迷端倚司南駕//金換還隨過海舟」。

宋-彭龜年【寄黃商伯兼簡詹元善】「......滔滔迷所往，莫望指南針」。

宋-文天祥【揚子江】「幾日隨風北海游//回從揚子大江頭//臣心一片磁針石//不指南方不肯休」。

Ⅵ 有沒有用英文介紹中國的四大發明

compass 指南
gunpowder 火葯
papermaking 造紙術
printing (movable type) 印刷術

Four Great Inventions of Ancient China -- printing
Block Printing

With the inventions of paper and ink, stamper graally became popular ring the Jin Dynasty (265-420), which was the early form of Carved Type Printing. Block Printing first appeared in the Tang Dynasty (618-907). The text was first written on a piece of thin paper, then glued face down onto a wooden plate. The characters were carved out to make a wood-block printing plate, which was used to print the text. Wood-block printing took a long time as a new block had to be carved for every page in a book.

(來源：英語美食指南 http://food.englishcn.com)

It took a lot of time and energy as well as materials to prepare for printing a book, but it worked more effectively afterwards. This technology was graally introced to Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and the Philippines.
Yet, Block Printing had its drawbacks -- all the boards became useless after the printing was done and a single mistake in carving could ruin the whole block. The frontispiece of the world's oldest surviving book, the Diamond Sutra printed in the year 868, was discovered at Dunhuang Cave, along the Silk Road. The book, in the form of a roll, is the earliest woodcut illustration in a printed book.
Movable Type Printing

Block Printing was a costly and time-consuming process, for each carved block could only be used for a specific page of a particular book, besides, a single mistake in carving could ruin the whole block. However movable type changed all of that.

In the Song Dynasty (960-1279), a man named Bi Sheng carved indivial characters on identical pieces of fine clay. Each piece of movable type had on it one Chinese character which was carved in relief on a small block of moistened clay. After the block had been hardened by fire, the type became hard and rable and could be used wherever required. The pieces of movable type could be glued to an iron plate and easily detached from the plate. Each piece of character could be assembled to print a page and then broken up and redistributed as needed. When the printing was finished, the pieces were put away for future use.
By the year1000, paged books in the modern style had replaced scrolls. Two color printing (black and red) was seen as early as 1340.
This technology then spread to Korea, Japan, Vietnam and Europe. Later, German Johann Gutenberg invented movable type made of metal in the 1440s. Movable Type Printing developed very fast. Based on clay type, type made of wood, lead, tin and copper graally appeared.
The invention of gunpowder had a close relationship with the advanced ancient workmanship of smelting instry. People began to know a lot of chemistry knowledge about the nature of different mineral materials ring the process of smelting operation. With the knowledge, ancient necromancers tried to seek the elixir of immortality from certain kinds of ores and fuel. Although they failed to get what they were looking for, they discovered that an explosive mixture could be proced by combining sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter (potassium nitrate). This mixture finally led to the invention of gunpowder although its exact date of invention still remains unknown. (來源：英語麥當勞www.EnglishCN.com)

Many historical materials indicate that gunpowder first appeared before the Tang Dynasty (618-907). From 300 to 650AD several recipes were written about inflammable mixtures. Some historians date the invention of gunpowder at 850AD when a Taoist book warned of three specific elixir formulas as too dangerous to experiment.
The military applications of gunpowder began in the Tang Dynasty. Explosive bombs filled with gunpowder and fired from catapults were used in wars. During the Song and Yuan dynasties (960-1368), the military applications of gunpowder became common and some other weapons like "fire cannon", "rocket", "missile" and "fireball" were introced.
In the Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368), the method of powder-making was introced to the Arab world and Europe, bringing a series of revolutions to weapon manufacturing, as well as to stratagem and tactics on the battlefield. From Italy the making of gunpowder soon spread to other European countries, and by the 1350s it had become an effective weapon on the battlefield.
(來源：英語學習門戶網站EnglishCN.com)

Four Great Inventions of Ancient China -- Paper

(來源：英語問答中心 http://ask.englishcn.com)

China was the first nation who invented paper. The earliest form of paper first appeared in the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-23AD), but the paper was generally very thick, coarse and uneven in their texture, made from pounded and disintegrated hemp fibers. The paper unearthed in a Han tomb in Gansu Province is by far the earliest existing ancient paper, tracing back to the early Western Han Dynasty.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220), a court official named Cai Lun made a new kind of paper from bark, hemp, rags, fishnet, wheat stalks and other materials. It was relatively cheap, light, thin, rable and more suitable for brush writing.

(來源：英語資料下載 http://download.englishcn.com)

The art of paper-making spread east to Korea and Japan at the beginning of the seventh century (the end of the Sui Dynasty and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty). In the eighth century, along with the Silk Road, the Arab countries began to learn how to make paper. It took about 400 years for paper to traverse the Arab world to Europe. In the 14th century many paper mills were established in Italy, from where the workmanship of paper-making spread to the European countries such as Germany. The Italians vigorously proced the material and exported large amounts of it, dominating the European market for many years. In the 16th century, the art of paper-making appeared in Russia and Holland, and it spread to Britain in the 17th century.

Before paper was invented, Qin Shihuang, the first emperor in Chinese history, had to go over 120 kilos of official documents written on bamboo or wooden strips. With the invention of paper, the popularization of knowledge has turned into reality. The invention of paper is an epoch-making event in human history.
Early in the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476BC), while mining ores and melting copper and iron, Chinese people chanced upon a natural magnetite that attracted iron and pointed fixedly north. In the Warring States Period (206BC-23AD), after constant improvement the round compass came into being. Referred to as a "South-pointer", the spoon- or ladle- shaped compass is of magnetic lodestone, and the plate is of Bronze. The circular center represents Heaven, and the square plate represents Earth. The handle of the spoon points south. The spoon is a symbolic representation of the Great Bear. The plate bears Chinese characters which denote the eight main directions of north, north-east, east, etc. This type of compass has been scientifically tested and found to work tolerably well.
By the time of the Tang dynasty (618-907) and the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127), Chinese scholars had devised a way to magnetize iron needles, by rubbing them with magnetite, and then suspending them in water. They also observed that needles cooled from red heat and held in the north-south orientation (the earth's axis) would become magnetic. These more refined needle compasses could then be floated in water (wet compass), placed upon a pointed shaft (dry compass) or suspended from a silk thread, etc. Consequently, they were much more useful for navigation purposes since they were much more portable.
During the Song Dynasty (960-1279) many trading ships were then able to sail as far as Saudi Arabia without getting lost. The compass was introced to the Arab world and Europe ring the Northern Song Dynasty. The spread of the compass to Europe opened the oceans of the world to travel and led to the discovery of the New World.

Ⅶ 四大發明

指南針，火葯，造紙，印刷術

Ⅷ 四大發明英語簡介！

The Four Great Inventions 四大發明
The Compass 指南針
Diagram of a Ming dynasty mariner's compass
Main article: Compass
The earliest reference to magnetism in Chinese literature is found in a 4th century BC book called Book of the Devil Valley Master (鬼穀子): "The lodestone makes iron come or it attracts it."
The earliest reference to a magnetic device used as a "direction finder" is in a Song Dynasty book dated to AD 1040-44. Here there is a description of an iron "south-pointing fish" floating in a bowl of water, aligning itself to the south. The device is recommended as a means of orientation "in the obscurity of the night." However, the first suspended magnetic needle compass was written of by Shen Kuo in his book of AD 1088.
For most of Chinese history, the compass that remained in use was in the form of a magnetic needle floating in a bowl of water. According to Needham, the Chinese in the Song Dynasty and continuing Yuan Dynasty did make use of a dry compass, although this type never became as widely used in China as the wet compass.
The dry compass used in China was a dry suspension compass, a wooden frame crafted in the shape of a turtle hung upside down by a board, with the loadstone sealed in by wax, and if rotated, the needle at the tail would always point in the northern cardinal direction. Although the 14th century European compass-card in box frame and dry pivot needle was adopted in China after its use was taken by Japanese pirates in the 16th century (who had in turn learned of it from Europeans), the Chinese design of the suspended dry compass persisted in use well into the 18th century.
Gunpowder 火葯
Handgun from the Yuan dynasty, circa 1300s.
Main article: History of gunpowder
The prevailing academic consensus is that gunpowder was discovered in the 9th century by Chinese alchemists searching for an elixir of immortality. By the time the Song Dynasty treatise, Wujing Zongyao (武經總要), was written by Zeng Gongliang and Yang Weide in AD 1044, the various Chinese formulas for gunpowder held levels of nitrate in the range of 27% to 50%. By the end of the 12th century, Chinese formulas of gunpowder had a level of nitrate capable of bursting through cast iron metal containers, in the form of the earliest hollow, gunpowder-filled grenade bombs.
In AD 1280, the bomb store of the large gunpowder arsenal at Weiyang accidentally caught fire, which proced such a massive explosion that a team of Chinese inspectors at the site a week later deced that some 100 guards had been killed instantly, with wooden beams and pillars blown sky high and landing at a distance of over 10 li (~2 mi. or ~3.2 km) away from the explosion.
By the time of Jiao Yu and his Huolongjing in the mid 14th century, the explosive potential of gunpowder was perfected, as the level of nitrate in gunpowder formulas had risen to a range of 12% to 91%, with at least 6 different formulas in use that are considered to have maximum explosive potential for gunpowder. By that time, the Chinese had discovered how to create explosive cannonballs by packing their hollow shells with this nitrate-enhanced gunpowder.
Papermaking 造紙術
Hemp wrapping paper, China, circa 100 BC
Main article: Papermaking
Further information: Science and technology of the Han Dynasty
Papermaking has traditionally been traced to China about AD 105, when Cai Lun, an official attached to the Imperial court ring the Han Dynasty (202 BC-AD 220), created a sheet of paper using mulberry and other bast fibres along with fishnets, old rags, and hemp waste. However a recent archaeological discovery has been reported from near Dunhuang of paper with writing on it dating to 8 BC.
While paper used for wrapping and padding was used in China since the 2nd century BC, paper used as a writing medium only became widespread by the 3rd century. By the 6th century in China, sheets of paper were beginning to be used for toilet paper as well. During the Tang Dynasty (AD 618–907) paper was folded and sewn into square bags to preserve the flavor of tea. The Song Dynasty (AD 960–1279) that followed was the first government to issue paper currency.
Printing 印刷術
Main article: History of typography in East Asia
The Chinese invention of Woodblock printing, at some point before the first dated book in 868 (the Diamond Sutra), proced the world's first print culture. According to A. Hyatt Mayor, curator at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, "it was the Chinese who really discovered the means of communication that was to dominate until our age." Woodblock printing was better suited to Chinese characters than movable type, which the Chinese also invented, but which did not replace woodblock printing. Western printing presses, although introced in the 16th century, were not widely used in China until the 19th century. China, along with Korea, was one of the last countries to adopt them.
The intricate frontispiece of the Diamond Sutra from Tang Dynasty China, AD 868 (British Museum)
Woodblock printing for textiles, on the other hand, preceded text printing by centuries in all cultures, and is first found in China at around 220, then Egypt in the 4th century, and reached Europe by the 14th century or before, via the Islamic world, and by around 1400 was being used on paper for old master prints and playing cards. In another analysis Hyatt Mayor states that "a little before 1400 Europeans had enough paper to begin making holy images and playing cards in woodcut. They need not have learned woodcut from the Chinese, because they had been using woodblocks for about 1,000 years to stamp designs on linen."
Printing in China was further advanced by the 11th century, as it was written by the Song Dynasty scientist and statesman Shen Kuo (1031-1095) that the common artisan Bi Sheng (990-1051) invented ceramic movable type printing.Then there were those such as Wang Zhen (fl. 1290-1333) and Hua Sui (1439-1513), the former of whom invented wooden movable type printing in China, the latter of whom invented metal movable type printing in China. Movable type printing was a tedious process if one were to assemble thousands of indivial characters for the printing of simply one or a few books, but if used for printing thousands of books, the process was efficient and rapid enough to be successful and highly employed. Indeed, there were many cities in China where movable type printing, in wooden and metal form, was adopted by the enterprises of wealthy local families or large private instries. The Qing Dynasty court sponsored enormous printing projects using woodblock movable type printing ring the 18th century. Although superseded by western printing techniques, woodblock movable type printing remains in use in isolated communities in China.

Ⅸ 關於中國四大發明的資料

Quatre grandes inventions de la boussole, avant que de l'invention de la boussole humaine diriger dans les conséquences inimaginables de mer, souvent désorienté et causé ouvertes, soit une invention chinoise de la boussole, navigation avec la direction humaine. La discrimination est aux roulements de boussole d'un appareil simple. Quatre grandes inventions de la Chine antique une. Le composant principal de l'installation est un axe de rotation libre de l'aiguille. L'aiguille dans le champ magnétique peut être maintenue sous la direction magnétique radiale de la tangente. L'aiguille de la géographie à l'utilisation arctique et antarctique de cette exécution peut identifier la direction. Utilisé généralement dans la navigation, la géodésie, le voyage et les domaines militaires. L'invention de la boussole de nos personnes travaillantes, la pratique à long terme de l'arrangement magnétique d'objets des résultats. En raison travail de proction, les gens en contact avec la magnétite, a commencé la nature magnétique de l'arrangement. C'était nature magnétique d'abord découverte de rail d'amorce. Plus tard j'ai découvert que la nature de l'aimant. Avec de diverse expériences et recherche, et finalement l'invention de la boussole peut être pratique. La découverte des phénomènes magnétiques que Pre-Qin chronomètre nos ancêtres ont beaucoup accumulé de la connaissance à cet égard, explorant la magnétite souvent proite de minerai de fer, la magnétite (les composants principaux de la magnétite). Ces résultats ont été enregistrés un à long terme il y a vers le bas. « Tube » plusieurs d'articles disques le plus tôt de ces découvertes : « un aimant aux montagnes, sous lesquelles le bronze. De « autres classiques tels que » le livre des montagnes et des mers, « a également un disque semblable. Des caractéristiques magnétiques d'absorption de fer très tôt ont été trouvées, chapitre compétent de « Lüshichunqiu » neuf volumes seuls : le « chee frotte le rail, ou parce qu'elles sont citées. « Leur a à ce moment-là appelé » le chee » magnétique « « aimant attirant le fer comme mère de leurs enfants pour attirer. Et dit : « C'est une mère en pierre re, mais le chee de chee de Shi et deux, pierres d'amour peuvent attirer ses enfants. pas la charité, les pierres ne sera attirée. « Han après, elle a été faite a été mise un aimant » pierre de chee « est une pierre affectueuse. Comme aimant attirant le fer, ainsi s'ils peuvent attirer d'autres métaux ? Nos ancêtres ont fait beaucoup pour essayer et trouver un aimant non seulement pour attirer l'or, l'argent, le cuivre et d'autres métaux. la tuile ne pourra pas attirer de tels articles. Quand les personnes occidentales se sont renes compte que le seul aimant attirant le fer, qui peut attirer d'autres articles. Quand deux aimants sont remontés dans la proximité étroite entre eux, s'attirer parfois, parfois mutuellement exclusif. Maintenant les gens savent que les aimants ont deux poteaux, et on a appelé le poteau de N, très un S dit. Mutuellement exclusif d'homosexuel très, attraction mutuelle très hétérosexuelle. À ce moment-là, les gens n'ont pas su la raison, mais ce phénomène est de noter que. Du Han occidental, un grand alchimiste nommé de Luan, il s'est servi de la nature magnétique des deux échec-comme des choses en ajustant la polarité de la position mutuelle de deux gages, et gage parfois deux pour s'attirer, parfois mutuellement exclusif. Jeu de seau appelé par Luan de Tai « . » Il a considéré ce jeu étrange consacré à la dynastie de Han, et la démonstration de tache. La joie étonnante par dynastie de Han, poumon considérablement Wyatt, Luan s'est fermée sensiblement, le « Général Lee cinq. » Nature de Tai Luan de l'utilisation d'un aimant, proite un jeu étrange pour tricher la dynastie de Han. La terre est un grand aimant, les deux étaient très près de la géographie antarctique et des secteurs géographiques dans l'Arctique. Ainsi la surface des aimants de la terre, rotation libre, les aimants sera pour l'attraction homosexuelle, la nature de la direction au nord-sud de PHASE hétérosexuelle. La raison les ancients assez non clairs, mais ce phénomène très clair. La boussole des patriarches -- La boussole de SI Nan au sujet de l'ancêtre est apparue dans la période faisante la guerre d'états. Elle est faite d'aimant naturel. Ressembler à un Shangdi, le fond, sur les « emplacements lisses, » et pour maintenir un équilibre, et le bidon tournant librement. Quand il est statique, la cuillère serait aiguë aux sud. Les ancients seul ont appelé le « SI Nan », le livre, « Han Feizi » : « SI Nan Wang d'abord à l'extrémité rant la nuit. L'extrémité de "" la soirée, « est maintenant le quartet, la position signifiera. Des disques de « Guiguzi » SI Nan, personnes d'Eao Yu Zheng sur la ceinture de SI Nan pour les assurer ne perdent pas la direction. La période de printemps et d'automne, les gens avait pu en mesure à la reté de 5 degrés à 7 degrés de nephrite et la jadéite sculpted dans la forme de divers ustensiles, reté et mettent en boîte donc seulement 5.5 degrés à 6.5 degrés de SI fait par aimant naturel Nan. La dynastie orientale Wang de Han en son livre « tout bien pesé » des formes et des directions de SI Nan a noté clair. SI Nan est bloc après cuillère aimant-faite considérante, poteau de guide de cuillère, font la cuillère entière exactement que le foyer est tombé au centre de l'extrémité de la cuillère, cuillère sous les chantiers de construction lisses, emplacements étrangers dans Yens, Rigan autour gravés avec les couples, à la synthèse de 24. Cette conception est une observation sérieuse des ancients beaucoup de la nature magnétique phénomène, et beaucoup accumulé de la connaissance et d'expérience, après des années d'étude avant accomplissement. Les personnes de SI Nan sont l'apparition de la polarité magnétique r efers to the practical application of knowledge. But SI Nan has many flaws, natural magnet is not easy to find, easy processing time for combat, and the heat loss of excitation. So SI Nan magnetic relatively weak, but contacts with the Office site to be very smooth, otherwise they will be turning too much friction, trying rotation, could not achieve the intended effect of the guidelines. SI Nan and a certain size and weight, very convenient to carry, This is probably not SI Nan long been widely used in 2001. SI Nan bronze plate made and natural magnet magnetic component spoon, a bronze plate inscribed with the 24 to disregard magnetic disk spoon in the center disc. static, spoon at the end of the South. The invention of the compass, the ancient folk used to cut thin leaf iron into fish, fish in the abdomen slightly hollow, like a small boat, After magnetic floating in the water, we will be able to guide the North. At that time, which is used as a game. Cui Eastern leopard in the "ancient Note," which referred to the "Guide to fish." Northern Song Dynasty, Zeng Qiliang in public, "General Military" contains guidelines for the proction and use of the fish : "Rail thin with leaves tailoring, Ercun length, width 0.2, both sharp as fish, at the expense of charcoal fire rage, Hou Link red iron seal seal fish out the first fire, the end is to pair up spaces Zhanshui desired shape is not only the final minutes to close for harvests. use, no home Shuiwan in the wind perpendicularly fish in the water, floating, to its first regular afternoon also. "This is an artificial magnetic methods, which use the earth's magnetic field, magnetization of iron tablets. That is a hot iron tablets placed in the radial direction. Hot iron plates internal elements in a relatively activities of the state, so that iron molecule along with the direction of the Earth's magnetic field, achieve the purpose of magnetization. Dipping into the water, and this can be arranged quickly fixed, and the Merlion will increase slightly downward slopping magnetization. Artificial magnetization method, the invention of the compass use and development has played a tremendous role. The magnetic and geomagnetic development is a major event in history. Shen Kuo in the Northern Song Dynasty, "Meng Xi Bi Tan," said another artificial magnetic approach : "Magnetic Mount expert to head, they can guide. "by Shen Kuo said, the technicians used a magnet to friction needle, then onto the magnetic needle. From the current point of view, this is a natural magnet to the magnetic field, enable pin internal magnetic domain of convergence with a certain direction, so that the pin shows that the magnetic method. This method than geomagnetic method is simple, but effective than geomagnetic magnetization method, and the friction law is the world's earliest inventions, but for the practical value of the magnetic point for the emergence created the conditions. Shen Kuo also "Meng Xi Bi Tan," a supplement to absorb, talked about the law of friction caused by the magnetic phenomena : "magnet Mount head, often sharply Department guidelines also refer to the North, the fear of sexual or stone ... contrary to the South and the North should vary, do not have a deep examination ears. "That is to say, using a magnet to friction needle, the needle guide sometimes front, sometimes refers to the North. From the current perspective, a magnet has two N and S poles, and when magnetized needle head position, is the magnetization direction is different. But Sheng Kuo did not know the reason, he's a true record of this phenomenon and frankly admit that they did not do in-depth thinking. In the expectation that future generations can be further explored. On the needle devices, Sheng Kuo introced the four methods : 1. Float water -- will wear the needle on top of Juncus effusus floating in the water, can direction. 2. Rotary Bowl lips fixed -- the needle up on CD brink of the needle can rotate direction. 3. Rotary fixed fingernails -- put aside the needle above fingernails as nail is smooth, rotating the needle can be easily and direction. 4. Clothed hanging Act -- the needle in the central Tu some wax, a sticky silk, hanging in the wind not as a place that can instruct the course. Shen Kuo also on the four methods of comparison, he noted that the water float the biggest drawback of the water easily sloshing impact on the measurement results. Bowl rotation fixed lip and nail fixed rotation, as a small friction, rotation is very flexible, but tend to fall. Sheng Kuo compared hold in esteem the thread hanging, in his view, is an ideal and practical way. In fact Sheng Kuo noted that the four methods to date have been summarized in the two devices compass system -- water and dry needle acupuncture. "Meng Xi Bi Tan" Shen Kuo (1031-1095), author of the ancient Chinese science and technology works, The book told of magnetic compass and some of the problems. Southern Yuan Chen Liang in the "Lin Guang Ji," on the fish and other Guide Guide turtles making. This guide fish with "armed by the" documented in a book is different is the use of wooden statue fish fingers are so big muyu into the belly of a natural magnet placement, the magnet S pole at the head, sealed with wax good, I fish from a needle inserted. Guide fish become. Be floating on the water surface, the head guide, this is a dose of water category. Guide turtle is popular at the time a new device, a lodestone placed in the abdominal wood turtles, Abdominal wood turtles in the bottom of a smooth g a hole at the tower and placed on the board in the top of a sharp slide in Penny reinforce, This wood turtles were placed in a fixed, free rotation on the fulcrum. As the fulcrum Department friction small, wood turtles can freely turn Guide. When it is not used for navigation and direction, and for the trick. But this is the subsequent emergence of the precursor dry compass. Guide turtles invention was not later than 1325. - Etched pieces of wood turtles, tortoises embedded in the abdomen magnet center, wood turtles are located in Tsim prop-up, when stationary-guide both the North. Compass position to determine the direction of the compass addition, they also need a round plate match. Initially use the compass, it may not have a fixed position plate, with the need to measure the direction, a position of the needle site and integrated compass. Geomantic compass with the Romanian site and water compass, dry compass. Azimuth site is 24 to, but the disk has been turned into a square circle. Such a look at the position of the needle plate in the position, we will be able to conclude that position out. Southern, has three different "words were recorded by the" records of the literature in this area : "in Beaufort or Meridian is the arm Meridian C or scraping between needle. "This is the Romanian site of the earliest documented. Described in the literature "to Lo," is to Romania, is the Romanian site. Literature has been put magnetic declination of knowledge on the use of the compass. This is not only a compass needle Meridian (to determine the direction of magnetic poles, the magnetic needle) Meridian also between C scraping needle (with the shadow of the sun to determine the geographic poles, direction) between the two directions at an angle, is the magnetic declination. Disks around 24 engraved position, in which water, the needle across Story, floating on the water surface. Now we already know that the Earth's magnetic pole and two geographical poles, is nearly no coincidence. The needle at the Earth's magnetic pole, not the geographic North and South poles, and so the needle means it is not e south. Zhengbei direction of some variation of this is called magnetic declination angle. Because Earth's spherical approximation, the magnetic needle pointing it downward slopping at the Pole, and a horizontal angle. as the angle between magnetic inclination. Different locations of the magnetic declination and inclination not the same. A book of the Song Dynasty, "by the total force to" On the manufacturing method using magnetic compass, it is attention to the use of magnetic angle. Sheng Kuo "Meng Xi Bi Tan," On the compass guide incomplete, and often micro-easterly. That the magnetic declination of its existence. Magnetic declination and inclination of the discovery of the compass point is accurate. Magnetic properties of an application by the invention of the compass will soon be applied in the military, proction and daily life, topographical surveys, Navigation in particular. Compass navigation in the application development is a graal process. Book's slightly later than the "Meng Xi Bi Tan," "Ping Chau to talk about" in mind : "Battles understanding geography, were viewing the night, the day it concept, Compass concept is bious. "This is the world's navigation history of the earliest recorded use of the compass. Wen pointed out that in the Bible, only when they can not see the use of the compass, we can see the beginning of the use of the compass. use less than skilled. 20 years later, Xu Jing "and announced plans by an Ambassador Korea" has a similar record : "However, as the former star Mai, If unlucky offerings used needles floating guide to estimate the South and the North. "to the Yuan Dynasty, Compass has leapt from the sea means freedom of the most important instruments of. Yin Ching both day and night using a compass navigation. But also prepared to use the compass navigation, sailing in different locations compass needle-connectivity plan, which is called the "needle Road." Ship to go to a place, Dr needle-direction, road marking routes are all aware, as the basis for navigation. The invention of the compass, the ancient ancestors of magnetic phenomena observed and the results of the study. Ancient ancestors of magnetic phenomena for observation and study the process further understanding of the magnetic nature, and attempting to use more of this nature. Legendary emperor built Afang Palace, it is a magnet Gongmen Daoyin manufactured. If the assassin with a sword and that will be immediately attracts, the guards were caught red-handed. This is also the story of many, "Jin Shu. Malone Biography "documented Malone shuaibing western Gansu, Shaanxi, of the enemy to go through the narrow roads on either side, stacking magnet. The soldier wearing armor when passing by the firm attracts, the paralyzed. Malone, the soldiers wore Xijia, a magnet for they have no role to act freely. Enemies that magic, and no war is made. Eastern Han Dynasty "foreign body Chi" recorded around the islands in the South China Sea some shoals containing magnet Regular magnet "to restrain iron leaf" of the ship attracts, it is difficult to escape. Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties, my ancestors on the nature of magnets has been a lot of awareness. Even when the poet Cao Zhi Zhi Jiao poem was used for "magnetic iron primer on gold is not even. "Sentence. It is evident that he also understands the nature of a magnet. Northern and Southern Dynasties Liang Tao Hongjing behalf of the "other doctors were" submitted to the magnetic measurement methods, he noted : excellent magnet proced in the South, a strong magnetic, attracting 3, 4 iron, so that both top-needle pegged on the magnet. Magnetic stronger magnet to attract more than ten-iron needles, even attracts a pour some knives. Tao Hongjing not only the strength of a magnetic neutral, but that the measurement method. This may be the world's first magnetic measurement records. My ancestors on the nature of the magnet study and understanding of the invention of the compass and development. ======================================== ===================== "compass" : build a cutting-edge procer of the film entitled Love Tragedy : compass procer : Hu Jie filmmaker Director : Wang Chun-Director : Lu revolution Playwright : Hu Jie Lu Lingxianzhuyan revolution : Liu Jia Yu Ming Luo decorated dragon decorated Zhang Ling Cher starring : Hu Ying Yi Chen An-hui is decorated in autumn decorated Shaomai Fu Ling Zhang Bing came showcase : long see-video film culture institutions types : Drama / Romance Synopsis tells the story of four college classmates : youth sunshine youth cartoonist Long Cher (Liujiahu mins) in a CHANCE were falling in love with Zhang Ling, and Zhang Ling is a tragic experience : Ling Zhang (Ming Luo mins), heart (Hu Ying Yi mins), TONY (Wang Zhentao mins), Blue think (Yan Jiaqi jewelry) because of the common ideal created Xinling software development company, and the development of a strong function of the "compass" anti-hacking software. However, the shortage of funds for Xinling the company is in a predicament, Blue want to die just to pay back a company for survival Xinling the orders were not given Zhang Ling's love, When Mr Zhang Ling would suddenly find love at the heart Once there, hated to leave. Love into hate to think of the Blue retaliation Zhang Ling, the other to set up a blue software development company, and decided Xinling companies contend with in the end. At this time, bathed in the love of Zhang Ling does not yet know that his love and planting e to congenital brain gene deletion syndrome has come to death Edge. Zhang Ling planting in order to retain the most beautiful images The decision also loves his classmates TONY fabricated lies a death, and hope in their dying before Zhang Ling completing his "compass 2" software development. TONY love to silently enred. Planting sudden death, Zhang Ling fall into the abyss of suffering, just to survive liquor. Long Cher and decided to use her share ardent love to heal wounds Ling Zha

Ⅹ 求一篇關於四大發明的英語作文！（四個都要寫，初三水平）

teacher,you can speak Chinese？ sure！！！ 老師，四大發明是中國人發明的嗎？ 當然。 謝謝老師，再見。 886。