① 中國四大發明是誰發明的,在哪個地點
造紙術 蔡倫
印刷術 畢升（活字印刷術）之前的刻板印刷術的發明者不可考 應該是偉大的勞動人民
火葯 煉丹家
指南針 偉大的中國勞動人民因為年代久遠科學上沒有四大發明的具體時間,所謂的XXX年發明了XX其實不準確的.具體時間中科院教授也怕說不了,只能說個大概時間
造紙術 據考古發現,我國大約在公元前1世紀,就已經有了紙,不過這時的紙只是紡織業漂絮漚麻的副產品,產量很低,質量也差,還不能用於書寫.到東漢時期,蔡倫在前人經驗的基礎上,對造紙術進行了大膽的改革和創新.除了用麻作原料之外,還採用樹皮等一些含纖維的東西.並採用石灰鹼液蒸煮的加工技術,從而大大提高了紙的產量和質量.此後紙張開始代替竹帛,在全國推廣.
印刷術 我國造紙發明以後,由於出版書籍的需要,印刷術也隨之產生.公元6世紀初的隋、唐之際,出現了最早的雕版印刷術.這種印刷術一般用木材為原料,先在木板上刻反字,再給字板塗上墨,印在紙上.由於節工省時.很快盛行起來.宋代雕版印刷達到鼎盛時期,宋太祖開寶四年 （971年）於成都板印《大藏經》,共印5048卷,雕版達13萬塊,用了12年的時間才雕印完工.如此浩大規模的印刷,足以表明雕版印刷已達到相當高的水平.在1041--1048年間,雕刻工畢?又創造了活字印刷術.即用膠泥做成規格一致的毛坯,在一端刻上反體單字,用火燒硬,成為單個的膠泥活字.用這些活字排版,既節省費用,又大大縮短了時間,十分經濟方便.活字印刷的出現是印刷史上一項重大的革命.元代王禎又將膠泥活字改為木活字,創造了轉輪排字架.此後還出現了錫、銅、鉛等金屬材料製成的活字.
火葯 火葯是在煉丹過程中發明的,公元8～9世紀,煉丹家已經知道硫磺、硝石與木炭混合燃燒時,會發生劇烈的反應.這樣,在唐代就發明了以這三種物質為原料的黑色火葯.到宋元時期,各種葯物成分有了較合理的定量配比,並且先在軍事上得到使用,出現了最早的火炮、火槍、火箭、地雷、炸彈等火葯武器.現在中國歷史博物館珍藏的銅火鏡,製造於元年順三年（1332年）.它是目前世界上發現的最早的銅炮,由於靠火葯作為推動力,其威力較大,稱它為「銅將軍」.
指南針 最早的指南針出現在戰國時期,當時是天然磁石磨成勺形,把它放在特別光滑的地盤上,用以指南,稱為司南.到宋代後期,人們又發現鋼鐵在磁石上磨過後,也會產生磁性.於是又出現了以此為原料的指南針.由於航海事業發展的需要,人們又開始使用了以此為原料水浮式指南針在陰雨天辨別方向
② 四大發明是誰發明的，什麼時間，什麼地點
紙-蔡倫 活字印刷術-畢升 火葯-古代煉丹道士（無具體的人物） 指南針-不詳（多為看風水之人，從司盤演化而來）
③ 計算機發明地點
1946年2月14日，由美國軍方定製的世界上第一台電子計算機「電子數字積分計算機」（ENIAC Electronic Numerical And Calculator）在美國賓夕法尼亞大學問世了。 ENIAC（中文名：埃尼阿克）是美國奧伯丁武器試驗場為了滿足計算彈道需要而研製成的，這台計算器使用了17840支電子管，大小為80英尺×8英尺，重達28t（噸），功耗為170kW，其運算速度為每秒5000次的加法運算，造價約為487000美元。ENIAC的問世具有劃時代的意義，表明電子計算機時代的到來。在以後60多年裡，計算機技術以驚人的速度發展，沒有任何一門技術的性能價格比能在30年內增長6個數量級。
算機對人類的生產活動和社會活動產生了極其重要的影響，並以強大的生命力飛速發展。它的應用領域從最初的軍事科研應用擴展到社會的各個領域，已形成了規模巨大的計算機產業，帶動了全球范圍的技術進步，由此引發了深刻的社會變革，計算機已遍及學校，企事業單位。進入尋常百姓家，成為信息社會中必不可少的工具。它是人類進入信息時代的重要標志之一。隨著物聯網的提出發展，計算機與其他技術又一次掀起信息技術的革命，根據中國物聯網校企聯盟的定義，物聯網是當下幾乎所有技術與計算機、互聯網技術的結合，實現物體與物體之間環境以及狀態信息實時的共享以及智能化的收集、傳遞、處理、執行。
④ 電話的發明地點是哪裡
在美來國：
安東尼奧.梅烏奇，電話的發明源者，義大利人，1808年出生於佛羅倫薩。 1834年移居到古巴
1849年發現並開始研究電話
1960年的時候，梅烏奇向公眾展示了這個系統，並得到發表
1871年，梅烏奇交了一種需要一年一更新的專利權
1876年2月14日，貝爾向美國專利局提出申請電話專利權
1889年離開人世
2002年6月16日美國決議聲明梅烏奇是電話的發明者
⑤ 蒸汽機發明地點
英國.吹響了工業革命的號角.使人類進入蒸汽時代.
瓦特1736年1月19日生於英國格拉斯哥。1763年瓦特到格拉斯大學工作，修理教學儀器。在大學里他經常和教授討論理論和技術問題。1781年瓦特製造了從兩邊推動活塞的雙動蒸汽機。1785年，他也因蒸汽機改進的重大貢獻，被選為皇家學會會員。1819年8月25日瓦特在靠近伯明翰的希斯菲德逝世。
在瓦特的訃告中，對他發明的蒸汽機有這樣的贊頌
⑥ 愛迪生發明電燈的地點
美國新澤西州門羅公園
1876年春天，愛迪生又一次遷居，這次他遷到了新澤西州(New Jersey)的「門羅公園」。他在這里建造了第一所「發明工廠」，它「標志著集體研究的開端」。1877年，愛迪生改進了早期由貝爾發明的電話，並使之投入了實際使用。他還發明了他心愛的一個項目——留聲機。電話和電報「是擴展人類感官功能的一次革命」；留聲機是改變人們生活的三大發明之一，「從發明的想像力來看，這是他極為重大的發明成就」。到這個時候，人們都稱他為「門羅公園的魔術師」。愛迪生在發明留聲機的同時，經歷無數次失敗後終於對電燈的研究取得了突破，1879年10月22日，愛迪生點燃了第一盞真正有廣泛實用價值的電燈。為了延長燈絲的壽命，他又重新試驗，大約試用了6000多種纖維材料，才找到了新的發光體——日本竹絲，可持續1000多小時，達到了耐用的目的。從某一方面來說，這一發明是愛迪生一生中達到的登峰造極的成就。接著，他又創造一種供電系統，使遠處的燈具能從中心發電站配電，這是一項重大的工藝成就。
⑦ 用英語說明下類物品的發明時間及發明地點和發明人
The collapsible and ily supported umbrella is cocredited as being invented ring Cao Wei in ancient China, roughly 1,700 years ago. The Chinese character for umbrella is 傘 (san) and is a pictograph resembling the modern umbrella in design. Some investigators have supposed that its invention was suggested by large leaves tied to the branching extremities of a bough; others assert that the idea was probably derived from the tent, which remains in form unaltered to the present day. However, the tradition existing in China is that it originated in standards and banners waving in the air, hence the use of the umbrella was often linked to high ranking (though not necessarily royalty in China). On one occasion at least, we hear of twenty-four umbrellas being carried before the Emperor when he went out hunting. In this case the umbrella served as a defence against rain rather than sun. The Chinese design was later brought to Japan via Korea and also introced to Persia and the West via the Silk Road. The Chinese and Japanese traditional parosol, often used near temples, to this day remains similar to the original Wei Dynasty design.
An even older source on the umbrella comes from an ancient book of Chinese ceremonies, called Zhou-Li (The Rites of Zhou), dating 2400 years ago, which directs that upon the imperial cars the dais should be placed. The figure of this dais contained in Zhou-Li, and the description of it given in the explanatory commentary of Lin-hi-ye, both identify it with an umbrella. The latter describes the dais to be composed of 28 arcs, which are equivalent to the ribs of the modern instrument, and the staff supporting the covering to consist of two parts, the upper being a rod 3/18 of a Chinese foot in circumference, and the lower a tube 6/10 in circumference, into which the upper half is capable of sliding and closing.
Several inventors and innovators contributed to the development of the bicycle. Its earliest known forebears were called velocipedes, and included many types of human-powered vehicles. One of these, the scooter-like dandy horse of the French Comte de Sivrac, dating to 1790, was long cited as the earliest bicycle. Most bicycle historians now believe that these hobbyhorses with no steering mechanism probably never existed, but were made up by Louis Baudry de Saunier, a 19th-century French bicycle historian. However, the term hobbyhorse was later applied to the first documented ancestor of the modern bicycle, first introced to the public in Paris by the German Baron Karl Drais in 1818.[citation needed].
The ancestor of the bicycle was first created by a German Baron, Karl Drais, who invented and patented his machine in 1817. So the first bicycle ride was from his residence town Mannheim to the suburb Rheinau. A number of these draisines or dandy horses still exist, including one at the Paleis het Loo museum in Apeldoorn, the Netherlands. These were pushbikes, powered by the action of the rider's feet pushing against the ground. The Draisienne had two in-line wheels connected by a wooden frame. The rider sat astride and pushed it along with his feet, while steering the front wheel.
Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick MacMillan refined this in 1839 by adding a mechanical crank drive to the rear wheel, thus creating the first true "bicycle" in the modern sense. His system employed a pair of treadle drives connected by rods to a rear wheel crank, rather like a steam locomotive's driveshaft. Although the design was copied by at least two other Scottish builders, it was overtaken in popularity and influence by an inferior one.
In the 1850s and 1860s, Frenchmen Ernest Michaux and Pierre Lallement took bicycle design in a different direction, placing the pedals on an enlarged front wheel. Their creation, which came to be called the "Boneshaker", featured a heavy steel frame on which they mounted wooden wheels with iron tires. Lallement emigrated to the United States, where he recorded a patent on his bicycle in 1866 in New Haven, Connecticut. The Boneshaker was further refined by Englishman James Starley in the 1870s. He mounted the seat more squarely over the pedals so that the rider could push more firmly, and further enlarged the front wheel to increase the potential for speed. With tires of solid rubber, his machine became known as the ordinary. British cyclists likened the disparity in size of the two wheels to their coinage, nicknaming it the penny-farthing. The primitive bicycles of this generation were difficult to ride, and the high seat and poor weight distribution made for dangerous falls.
The subsequent dwarf ordinary addressed some of these faults by adding gearing, recing the front wheel diameter, and setting the seat further back, with no loss of speed. Having to both pedal and steer via the front wheel remained a problem. Starley's nephew, J. K. Starley, J. H. Lawson, and Shergold solved this problem by introcing the chain and procing rear-wheel drive. These models were known as dwarf safeties, or safety bicycles, for their lower seat height and better weight distribution. Starley's 1885 Rover is usually described as the first recognizably modern bicycle. Soon, the seat tube was added, creating the double-triangle, diamond frame of the modern bike.
While the Starley design was much safer, the return to smaller wheels made for a bumpy ride. The next innovations increased comfort and ushered in the 1890s Golden Age of Bicycles. In 1888, Scotsman John Boyd Dunlop introced the pneumatic tire, which soon became universal. Soon after, the rear freewheel was developed, enabling the rider to coast without the pedals spinning out of control. This refinement led to the 1898 invention of coaster brakes. Derailleur gears and hand-operated, cable-pull brakes were also developed ring these years, but were only slowly adopted by casual riders. By the turn of the century, bicycling clubs flourished on both sides of the Atlantic, and touring and racing were soon extremely popular.
Successful early bicycle manufacturers included Englishman Frank Bowden and German builder Ignaz Schwinn. Bowden started the Raleigh company in Nottingham in the 1890s, and was soon procing some 30,000 bicycles a year. Schwinn emigrated to the United States, where he founded his similarly successful company in Chicago in 1895. Schwinn bicycles soon featured widened tires and spring-cushioned, padded seats, sacrificing a certain amount of efficiency for increased comfort. Facilitated by connections between European nations and their overseas colonies, European-style bicycles were soon available worldwide. By the mid-20th century, bicycles had become the primary means of transportation for millions of people around the globe.
In many western countries, the use of bicycles levelled off or declined as motorized transportation became affordable and car-centred policies led to an increasingly hostile environment for bicycles. In North America, bicycle sales declined markedly after 1905, to the point where, by the 1940s, they had largely been relegated to the role of children's toys. However, in other parts of the world, such as China, India, and European countries such as Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands, the traditional utility bicycle remained a mainstay of transportation; its design changed only graally to incorporate hand-operated brakes, with internal hub gears allowing up to seven speeds. In the Netherlands, such so-called 'granny bikes' have remained popular, and are again in proction. In the early 1980s, Swedish company Itera invented a new type of bicycle, called the Itera plastic bicycle, made entirely out of plastics. The plastic bicycle was however a commercial failure.
In North America, increasing consciousness of physical fitness and environmental preservation spawned a renaissance of bicycling in the late 1960s. Bicycle sales in the US boomed, largely in the form of the racing bicycles, long used in such events as the hugely popular Tour de France. Sales were also helped by a number of technical innovations that were new to the US market, including higher performance steel alloys and gearsets with an increasing number of gears. While 10-speeds were very popular in the 1970s, 12-speed designs were introced in the 1980s, and today most bikes feature 18 or more speeds. By the 1980s, these newer designs had driven the three-speed bicycle from the roads. In the late 1980s, the mountain bike became particularly popular, and in the 1990s something of a major fad. These task-specific designs led many American recreational cyclists to demand a more comfortable and practical proct. Manufacturers responded with the hybrid bicycle, which restored many of the features long enjoyed by riders of the time-tested European utility bikes.
The first permanent photograph was made in 1826 by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce using a sliding wooden box camera made by Charles and Vincent Chevalier in Paris. Niépce built on a discovery by Johann Heinrich Schultz (1724): a silver and chalk mixture darkens under exposure to light. However, while this was the birth of photography, the camera itself can be traced back much further. Before the invention of photography, there was no way to preserve the images proced by these cameras apart from manually tracing them.
The first camera that was small and portable enough to be practical for photography was built by Johann Zahn in 1685, though it would be almost 150 years before technology caught up to the point where this was possible. Early photographic cameras were essentially similar to Zahn's model, though usually with the addition of sliding boxes for focusing. Before each exposure a sensitized plate would be inserted in front of the viewing screen to record the image. Jacques Daguerre's popular daguerreotype process utilized copper plates, while the calotype process invented by William Fox Talbot recorded images on paper.
The development of the collodion wet plate process by Frederick Scott Archer in 1850 cut exposure times dramatically, but required photographers to prepare and develop their glass plates on the spot, usually in a mobile darkroom. Despite their complexity, the wet-plate ambrotype and tintype processes were in widespread use in the latter half of the 19th century. Wet plate cameras were little different from previous designs, though there were some models (such as the sophisticated Dubroni of 1864) where the sensitizing and developing of the plates could be carried out inside the camera itself rather than in a separate darkroom. Other cameras were fitted with multiple lenses for making cartes de visite. It was ring the wet plate era that the use of bellows for focusing became widespread.
Named after Italian optician Ignazio Porro who patented this image erecting system in 1854 and later refined by makers like Carl Zeiss in the 1890's[2], binoculars of this type use a Porro prism in a double prism Z-shaped configuration to erect the image. This feature results in binoculars that are wide, with objective lenses that are well separated but offset from the eyepieces. Porro prism designs have the added benefit of folding the optical path so that the physical length of the binoculars is less than the focal length of the objective and wider spacing of the objectives gives better sensation of depth.
Binoculars using Roof prisms may have appeared as early as the 1880s in a design by Achille Victor Emile Daubresse[3][4]. Most roof prism binoculars use either the Abbe-Koenig prism (named after Ernst Karl Abbe and Albert Koenig and patented by Carl Zeiss in 1905)[5] or Schmidt-Pechan prism (invented in 1899) designs to erect the image and fold the optical path. They are narrower, more compact, and more expensive than those that use Porro prisms. They have objective lenses that are approximately in line with the eyepieces.
⑧ 答出下列的發明是在什麼時侯,什麼地點還有什麼意義
瓦特並不是蒸汽機的發明者，在他之前，早就出現了蒸汽機，即紐科門蒸汽機，但它的耗煤量大、效率低。瓦特運用科學理論，逐漸發現了這種蒸汽機的毛病所在。從1765年到1790年，他進行了一系列發明，比如分離式冷凝器、汽缸外設置絕熱層、用油潤滑潤滑活塞、行星式齒輪、平行運動連桿機構、離心式調速器、節氣閥、壓力計等等，使蒸汽機的效率提高到原來紐科門機的3倍多，最終發明出了現代意義上的蒸汽機。
第一台蒸汽機是一個名叫紐克曼的蘇格蘭鐵匠發明製造的，這在當時是最先進的蒸汽機了。在紐克曼之前，有許多人都對蒸汽當作動力用於生產懷著很大的興趣。1688年，法國物理學家德尼斯·帕潘，曾用一個圓筒和活塞製造出第一台簡單的蒸汽機。但是，帕潘的發明沒有實際運用到工業生產上。十年後，英國人托易斯·塞維利發明了蒸汽抽水機，主要用於礦井抽水。1705年，紐克曼經過長期研究，綜合帕潘和塞維利發明的優點，創造了空氣蒸汽機。
電腦是誰發明的，嚴格說起來很難界定。
計算機（computer）的原來意義是「計算器」，也就是說，人類會發明計算機，最初的目的是幫助處理復雜的數字運算。而這種人工計算器的概念，最早可以追溯到十七世紀的法國大思想家帕斯卡。帕斯卡的父親擔任稅務局長，當時的幣制不是十進制，在計算上非常麻煩。帕斯卡為了協助父親，利用齒輪原理，發明了第一台可以執行加減運算計算器 。後來，德國數學家萊布尼茲加以改良，發明了可以做乘除運算的計算器。之後雖然在計算器的功能上多所改良與精進，但是，真正的電動計算器，卻必須等到公元1944年才製造出來。
而第一部真正可以稱得上計算機的機器，則誕生於1946年的美國，毛琪利與愛克特發明的，名字叫做ENIAC。這部計算機使用真空管來處理訊號，所以體積龐大（占滿一個房間）、耗電量高（使用時全鎮的人都知道，因為家家戶戶的電燈都變暗了！），而且記憶容量又非常低（只有100多個字），但是，卻已經是人類科技的一大進展。而我們通常把這種使用真空管的計算機稱為第一代計算機。
第一代的電腦有2間教室大，跟現在我們一般用的個人電腦體積差很多吧。 當時的電腦零件是真空管(現在已經找不到了) 而存檔的東西是一種打孔卡片，若沒有前人的設計概念，也沒有計算機的發明，所以計算機是誰發明的還有點難界定。
互聯網就是通過有形和無形媒介把全世界的所有電腦都連接在一起的超級網路。它有三個內容：1。范圍的全球性。2。地址的唯一性，3。網名的唯一性。
⑨ 中國四大發明分別在哪個地方發明的
指南針最早出現抄在戰國時期，沒有明確地點，當時叫做司南，鄭國人采玉時就帶了司南以確保不迷失方向。
造紙術由蔡倫在東漢和帝元興元年(公元105年)改進。
火葯是由煉丹家發明於隋唐時期
活字印刷是北宋時期畢的膠泥活字印刷術