『壹』 斗拱結構最早是誰發明的
對斗栱的起源有三種說法。一種認為由井干結構的交叉出頭處變化而成；一版種認為由穿出柱權外的挑梁變化而成；一種認為由擎檐柱演化為托挑梁的斜撐，再演化成斗拱。西周銅器拱令簋上已有大斗的形象，斗拱的實例最早見於戰國時期中山國出土的四龍四鳳銅方案。應該和歷史上很多發明一樣，屬於在長期實踐中出現，沒法說清楚是誰發明的。
『貳』 誰發明的拱形結構在什麼時候發明的我知道是羅馬人！但是具體人名不清！！急急急！！
維基網路上的英語介紹：
True arches, as opposed to corbel arches, were known by a number of civilizations in the Ancient Near East, the Levant, andMexico, but their use was infrequent and mostly confined to underground structures such as drains where the problem of lateral thrust is greatly diminished.[13] A rare exception is the Bronze Age arched city gate of Ashkelon (modern dayIsrael), dating to ca. 1850 B.C.[14] An early example of a voussoir arch appears in the Greek Rhodes Footbridge.[15] In 2010, a robot discovered a long arch-roofed passageway underneath the Pyramid of Quetzalcoatl which stands in the ancient city ofTeotihuacan north of Mexico City, dated to around 200 AD.[16]
The ancient Romans learned the arch from the Etruscans, refined it and were the first builders to tap its full potential for above ground buildings:
The Romans were the first builders in Europe, perhaps the first in the world, fully to appreciate the advantages of the arch, the vault and the dome.[17]
Throughout the Roman empire, their engineers erected arch structures such as bridges, aquects, and gates. They also introced the triumphal arch as a military monument. Vaults began to be used for roofing large interior spaces such as halls and temples, a function that was also assumed by domed structures from the 1st century BC onwards.
The segmental arch was first built by the Romans who realized that an arch in a bridge did not have to be a semicircle,[18][19] such as in Alconétar Bridge or Ponte San Lorenzo. They were also routinely used in house construction as in Ostia Antica (see picture).
The semicircular arch was followed in Europe by the pointed Gothic arch or ogive whose centreline more closely followed the forces of compression and which was therefore stronger. The semicircular arch can be flattened to make an elliptical arch as in the Ponte Santa Trinita. Both the parabolic and the catenary arches are now known to be the theoretically strongest forms. Parabolic arches were introced in construction by the Spanish architect Antoni Gaudí, who admired the structural system ofGothic style, but for the buttresses, which he termed "architectural crutches". The catenary and parabolic arches carry all horizontal thrust to the foundation and so do not need additional elements.
The horseshoe arch is based on the semicircular arch, but its lower ends are extended further round the circle until they start to converge. The first known built horseshoe arches are known from Aksum (modern day Ethiopia and Eritrea) from around the 3rd–4th century, around the same time as the earliest contemporary examples in Roman Syria, suggesting either an Aksumite or Syrian origin for the type of arch.
義大利語介紹更全，怕你看不懂，跟你簡要說一下：
拱的確切發明時間是無法確定的，可以斷定第一次使用半圓形結構不是用在拱上，最早一批發現的使用拱結構的遺址在四千年前的美索不達亞，以及四千到三千年前的古埃及。
然後「偽拱」（義大利語解釋是 falso arco），在米諾斯文化和邁錫尼建築里都有使用，不過與羅馬拱還是有很大區別。
以上兩種情況只能說是拱的前身，不能算是真正定義上的拱，因為其根本沒有起到真正的拱的作用。
考古學家 C.L. Woolley 證明存在一個世界上最古老的拱，最早的半圓形拱，追溯到前1400年，然而此時美索不達亞已經使用拱建築造橋幾個世紀了。
古希臘人也在一些建築的暗門結構上使用了拱，到了後期古羅馬人將拱進行改造，並且開始廣泛使用拱結構。
所以我的理解是，具體指誰肯定是說不出來的，這個歷史上難以考證。我的解答也只是給你做一個參考。目測你遇到的問題有點問題！
『叄』 拱最初是如何誕生的
拱是用楔形磚或石料建成的一種弧形結構物，每一塊磚和石料都相互依靠，側向壓力由柱子導入地下。其中任何一部分拿掉，拱就會倒塌。古代巴比倫人的空中花園引水槽就是用拱形支撐結構；埃及人和希臘人也採用拱的技術；印度用拱來建造磚砌的貯水池；而中國則在公元前3世紀用它來建造穹隆式墓穴。拱在古羅馬得到了進一步的發展。後來又發明了拱頂。拱頂是由若干個拱形成的，比圓柱和過梁結構能夠跨越更寬的距離。古羅馬人採用圓拱頂，而哥特時代則發展成尖拱頂。
『肆』 拱形橋是誰發明的
拱形橋 【拱形橋的優點有：可實現的跨徑大，通航和瀉洪能力較強，堅固耐用,就地取材,節約材料,形式優美等。】
1從宏觀受力的角度分析,拱橋最大的特點是其構件主要是受壓，而直橋形式應該是這樣幾種結構：梁橋、懸鎖橋（吊橋）、斜拉橋，斜拉橋，梁橋的受力主要是跨中彎矩，懸鎖橋（吊橋）主要是受拉。
通過比較，可以得出拱形橋是最實用的橋。
梁橋是車子到哪哪裡就受壓，拱橋是周圍的都在受力，懸索橋除了自身以外還有繩索的力，所以，拱橋是受力最合理的橋梁，同時加工建築材料造價低，但只抗壓不抗拉，合理的拱橋拱圈結構只受壓力不受拉力，加工建築材料能夠發揮最大的力學性能，橋上荷載通過拱圈傳遞推力給拱座，拱座一般為大體積重力式結構承受拱圈傳遞的推力
【橋梁從建築材料角度來看，最主要是石材和木材，木材在強度和耐久性上遠不及石材，石材的受壓能力大大強於其受拉受彎能力。】
2橋梁從建築材料角度分析
拱橋:利用石材的受壓，可以通過一塊一塊的小石塊擠壓形成較大跨徑,受力合理,適用廣泛。 梁橋:受彎拉，簡單說只能用厚重的條石搭在橋墩上實現，所以跨徑小，浪費材料，也不便施工，而且橋下過水面積小不便通航和瀉洪。 懸鎖橋（吊橋）受拉，自重輕，跨徑大，穩定性差,一般由鐵鏈、藤鎖類等材料建造，受材料地域和耐久性以及地質條件限制應用不是很廣泛。
3從微觀受力角度分析：
拱形橋是半圓凸弧，頂端F合=G-F壓（即向心力），Vmax=根號GR ,到達頂端時，向心力全部由重力充當，根據圓周運動公式可得出以下結論：
車輛行人上橋到下橋過程中
1.線速度V=s/t=2πR/T
始終不變
2向心力F心=mV2/R=mω2R=m(2π/T)2R
始終不變
3對橋的壓力比平地時要小
F合=G-N
所以N=G-F合〈G （F合=mg-ma）
綜上所述，拱形橋在多方面比其他橋梁更普遍，更實用。
誰發明的沒查到
『伍』 拱形橋是誰發明的
隋朝李春發明的
『陸』 拱豬是誰發明的
有人講，「拱豬」源於軍隊，甚至有人說是原華野23軍發明的。肯定來自於民間，呵呵，能給大家帶來樂趣。
『柒』 古代亞述人發明的拱被稱為什麼
亞述（Assyria）古代西亞奴隸制國家。位於底格里斯河中游。公元前三千年代中葉，屬於閃米特族的亞述人在此建立亞述爾城後逐漸形成貴族專制的奴隸制城邦。